Table 2.

Values and references for ecological parameters in the simulations

Definition	Symbol	Value	References
Total number of cattle	Nc	1000	[15]
Total number of humans	Nh	1000	[92]
Diversion probability from an unprotected vertebrate host (cattle or human)	Δh,u	0.1	[93]
Mortality probability upon attacking an unprotected host	μh,u	0.1	[93]
Mean availability of individual unprotected humansa	ah,u	1.2 × 10-3	[28,40]
Mean availability of individual cattleb	ac
An. arabiensis		1.9 × 10-3	[28]
An. gambiae s.s.		2.5 × 10-5	[28,42]
Total availability of aquatic habitats	Za	3	[28]
Duration of gestation	g	2
Proportion of mosquitoes surviving per day while feeding while resting	P	0.9	[91]
Proportion of mosquitoes surviving per day while foraging for hosts or oviposition sites	Pov	0.85	Figure 2 and associated text
Duration of the parasite sporogonic development period	n	11	[30]
Human infectiousness to mosquitoes	k	0.03	[29]
Total number of adult mosquitoes emerging per year	E	2.0 × 107	[24]

^a The value of the parameter is equivalent to attacks per day per host-seeking vector perunprotected human.

^b The value of the parameter is equivalent to attacks per day per host-seeking vector per individual head of cattle and was different for the two vector species Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. With the exception of this parameter, all the other values are assumed to be identical for both species.