The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine does not block the effects of CPF or CPO on mitochondrial transport or dynamics. Various concentrations of atropine were coincubated with 1.0 μM CPF or 0.005 μM CPO for 24 h. The results show that the axonal transport deficits (A and D) and increased mitochondrial length (B and E) induced by CPF and CPO, respectively, persisted (and increased even further) in the presence of atropine. The nonsignificant decreases in mitochondrial number associated with CPF and CPO (C and F, respectively) were also not antagonized by atropine. Atropine alone was not associated with significant effects on mitochondrial transport (A, right); however, it was associated with significant decreases in length and increases in number (B and C, right). Data are presented as mean (% control) ± S.E.M. *, significantly different (p < 0.05) from control.