Fig. 3.
OA but not PA increases the number of autophagosomes and lipid droplets in HepG2 cells. A, HepG2 cells were treated with BSA vehicle control (a), PA (500 μM, b), or OA (500 μM, c–f) for 6 h, and the cells were further processed for EM. Arrows denote autophagosomes. N, nuclei; LD, lipid droplet; m, mitochondria. The number of autophagosomes (B) and lipid droplets (C) per cell section was determined (mean ± S.D.) from more than 30 different cells. #, p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA with the Scheffé post hoc test). D, HepG2 cells were treated with BSA vehicle control (a), OA (500 μM, b), or PA (500 μM, c) for 6 h and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The cells were further stained with Bodipy 493/503 (0.1 μM) for lipid droplets and Hoechst 33342 (0.5 μg/ml) for the nuclei followed by fluorescence microscopy. E, the number of lipid droplets per cell was quantified, and data are presented as the mean ± S.E. from at least three independent experiments. #, p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA with the Scheffé post hoc test).