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. 2011 Jun 13;2011:876021. doi: 10.4061/2011/876021

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Copyright © 2011 Sara Teixeira de Macedo-Silva et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Different ultrastructural alterations on Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes induced by the treatment with amiodarone (AMIO). (a) Ultrathin section of L. amazonensis promastigotes without treatment, which presents a normal ultrastructure of organelles such as (mitochondrion) m, (kinetoplast) k, (nucleus) N and (flagellum) f. (b) Electron micrograph of L. amazonensis treated with 5 μM AMIO for 48 h presenting many vacuoles similar to autophagosomes (stars). (c–e) After treatment with 15 μM AMIO for 24 h, it is possible to observe the presence of large autophagosomes a associated with endoplasmic reticulum profiles (big arrow), lipid bodies (arrowheads), and alterations in the mitochondrion–kinetoplast complex and chromatin condensation. (f) Promastigotes treated with 20 μM AMIO for 24 h presented drastic alterations and destruction of the cytoplasm, where it is possible to observe the presence of autophagosomes (arrows) sometimes associated with endoplasmic reticulum profile (big arrow). A: autophagosome; f: flagellum; k: kinetoplast; m: mitochondrion; N: nucleus.