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Contribution of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metabolic pathway of gemcitabine. For explanation of symbols and metabolic routes, see text. hENT1, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter; dCK, deoxycytidine kinase; RR, ribonucleotide reductase; 5′-NT, 5′-nucleotidase; CDA, cytidine deaminase.
