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. 2011 Apr;59(4):408–418. doi: 10.1369/0022155411400869

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Antigen retrieval modestly enhances immunofluorescence signal. Sections from wild-type P0 mouse growth plates do not have appreciable immunofluorescence without pretreatment for the following antibodies: phospho-Smad1/5/8 (pSmad, 1:100, 1:200), cyclinD1 (1:200), collagen IV (Col IV, 1:200), and collagen X (Col X, 1:200). Sodium citrate (Na-citrate) treatment increases the signal for pSmad in the prehypertrophic zone (PHZ) and for cyclinD1 in the proliferative zone (PZ). By contrast, Col IV was not visualized in the cartilage matrix either with or without Na-citrate pretreatment (white arrows point to the perichondrium and the mineralized matrix). Col X has weak expression in the hypertrophic zone (HZ) without pretreatment and a stronger signal:noise ratio with Na-citrate pretreatment. White boxes indicate location where signal is present or expected. Scale bar equals 200 µm in all panels.