Table 1: Sample characteristics of the included adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their comparable healthy adolescents.
| Adolescents with | Adolescents | Total (N=382) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | SCD (N=180) | without | SCD No (%) | P valuea |
| No (%) | (N=202) | |||
| No (%) | ||||
| Age groups (years) | ||||
| 14-15 | 68(37.8) | 53(26.2) | 121(31.7) | 0.183 |
| 16-17 | 71(39.4) | 81(40.1) | 152(39.8) | |
| 18 | 57(31.7) | 68(33.7) | 125(32.7) | |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 132(73.3) | 158(78.2) | 290(75.9) | 0.265 |
| Rural | 48(26.7) | 44(21.8) | 92(24.1) | |
| Educational status | ||||
| Primary | 27(15.0) | 4(2.0) | 31(8.1) | 0.008† |
| preparatory | 81(45.0) | 39(19.3) | 120(31.4) | |
| Secondary | 72(40.0) | 159(78.7) | 231(60.5) | |
| Father educational status | ||||
| < Secondary | 101(56.1) | 94(46.5) | 195(51.0) | 0.0480 |
| Secondary or higher | 78(43.9) | 108(53.5) | 186(49.0) | |
| Mother educational status | ||||
| < Secondary | 106(58.9) | 109(54.0) | 215(56.3) | 0.332 |
| Secondary or higher | 74(41.1) | 93(46.0) | 167(43.7) | |
| Family income in Riyals | ||||
| < 2500 | 26(14.4) | 28(13.9) | 54(14.1) | 0.395 |
| 2500- < 6000 | 97(53.9) | 96(47.5) | 193(50.5) | |
| ≥ 6000 | 57(31.7) | 78(38.6) | 135(35.3) | |
| Genotypes | ||||
| Hb SS | 146(81.1) | - | - | |
| Sickle-β+ Thalasemia | 26(14.4) | - | - | |
| Sickle-β0 Thalasemia | 5(2.8) | - | - | |
| Hb SC | 3(1.7) | - | - | |
| Disease-related complications | ||||
| Vaso-occulsive | 29(43.3) | - | - | |
| Infections | 24(35.8) | - | - | |
| Acute chest syndrome | 3(4.4) | - | - | |
| Brain infarction | 6(9.0) | - | - | |
| Cholethiasis | 5(7.5) | - | - | |
| More than one complication | 27(40.3) | - | - | |
| Painful crisis in the last month | 46(25.5) | - | - | |
| Emergency admission last year | 46(25.5) | - | - |
aChi Square