Table 3.
Summary of VOC concentrations (μg/m3) measured in exiting air from different furniture types.
| Order | Compounda | Material concentration (μg/m3) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desk chair | Bedside table | Dining table | Sofa | Cabinet | All | ||
| 1 | B | 1.52 ± 1.38 (1.06)b | 0.89 ± 0.32 (0.84) | 0.71 ± 0.41 (0.69) | 0.26 ± 0.14 (0.21) | 2.45 ± 1.28 (2.24) | 1.17 ± 1.13 (0.84) |
| 0.66 − 4.53 (7)c | 0.59 − 1.40 (7) | 0.05 − 1.13 (7) | 0.11 − 0.44 (7) | 1.01 − 4.5 (7) | 0.05 − 4.53 (35) | ||
| 2 | T | 535 ± 30.4 (540) | 259 ± 36.1 (262) | 454 ± 273 (494) | 353 ± 201 (396) | 46.3 ± 9.70 (50.0) | 330 ± 224 (293) |
| 492 − 572 (7) | 216 − 307 (7) | 106 − 857(7) | 85.4 − 605 (7) | 31.7 − 55.6 (7) | 31.7 − 857 (35) | ||
| 3 | E | 1.16 ± 0.68 (0.86) | 4.44 ± 1.09 (4.55) | 563 ± 314 (586) | 3.72 ± 2.68 (3.80) | 2.98 ± 0.64 (3.16) | 115 ± 263 (3.53) |
| 0.58 − 2.29 (7) | 3.34 − 6.1 (7) | 160 − 1044 (7) | 0.50 − 7.46 (7) | 2.14 − 3.66 (7) | 0.50 − 1044 (35) | ||
| 4 | m,p-X | 1.59 ± 0.46 (1.74) | 2.52 ± 0.63 (2.70) | 473 ± 314 (466) | 4.30 ± 4.77 (2.36) | 2.97 ± 1.11 (3.03) | 96.9 ± 232 (2.88) |
| 1.04 − 2.08 (7) | 1.81 − 3.38 (7) | 107 − 979 (7) | 0.20 − 12.8 (7) | 1.08 − 4.40 (7) | 0.20 − 979 (35) | ||
| 5 | S | 0.25 ± 0.15 (0.19) | 13.8 ± 2.5 (14) | 371 ± 452 (71.1) | 1.4 ± 0.96 (1.23) | 6.17 ± 2.22 (5.89) | 78.6 ± 241 (5.89) |
| 0.09 − 0.49 (7) | 10.4 − 17.9 (7) | 19.5 − 1140 (7) | 0.38 − 3.18 (7) | 3.83 − 9.07 (7) | 0.09 − 1140 (35) | ||
| 6 | o-X | 0.87 ± 0.73 (0.49) | 0.93 ± 0.43 (0.87) | 205 ± 141 (201) | 2.33 ± 2.08 (1.59) | 1.1 ± 0.21 (1.09) | 42.0 ± 102 (1.23) |
| 0.24 − 2.19 (7) | 0.53 − 1.70 (7) | 43.4 − 433 (7) | 0.14 − 5.82 (7) | 0.80 − 1.35 (7) | 0.14 − 433 (35) | ||
| 7 | 3-ET | 0.67 ± 1.26 (0.19) | 0.27 ± 0.09 (0.28) | 83.4 ± 57.1 (82.6) | 5.56 ± 0.91 (5.71) | — | 22.5 ± 44.9 (3.76) |
| 0.12 − 3.52 (7) | 0.17 − 0.42 (7) | 17.4 − 173 (7) | 4.01 − 6.37 (7) | — | 0.12 − 173 (28) | ||
| 8 | 4-ET | 0.96 ± 1.51 (0.29) | — | 27.9 ± 17.8 (27.1) | 4.08 ± 2.76 (5.1) | — | 11.0 ± 15.8 (5.10) |
| 0.12 − 4.29 (7) | — | 6.63 − 55.3 (7) | 0.16 − 6.85 (7) | — | 0.12 − 55.3 (21) | ||
| 9 | TMB-1 | 0.09 ± 0.04 (0.09) | 0.4 ± 0.24 (0.29) | 31.6 ± 22.5 (32.4) | 0.27 ± 0.16 (0.28) | — | 8.1 ± 17.4 (0.28) |
| 0.04 − 0.15 (7) | 0.18 − 0.90 (7) | 5.63 − 66.1 (7) | 0.07 − 0.55 (7) | — | 0.04 − 66.1 (28) | ||
| 10 | 2-ET | 0.14 ± 0.11 (0.12) | 1.05 ± 0.90 (1.47) | 40.4 ± 28.4 (41.9) | 1.25 ± 0.37 (1.24) | — | 10.7 ± 22.0 (1.29) |
| 0.04 − 0.37 (7) | 0.09 − 2.34 (7) | 7.10 − 83.6 (7) | 0.68 − 1.81 (7) | — | 0.04 − 83.6 (28) | ||
| 11 | TMB-2 | 0.31 ± 0.14 (0.29) | 0.54 ± 0.49 (0.38) | 56.1 ± 37.5 (58.8) | 3.85 ± 1.64 (4.18) | — | 15.2 ± 29.9 (1.57) |
| 0.11 − 0.47 (7) | 0.24 − 1.64 (7) | 10.9 − 111 (7) | 1.50 − 6.14 (7) | — | 0.11 − 111 (28) | ||
| 12 | DCB | —d | — | 5.53 ± 3.77 (6.01) | 2.23 ± 0.81 (2.49) | — | 3.88 ± 3.13 (2.73) |
| — | — | 0.90 − 10.9 (7) | 1.01 − 3.29 (7) | — | 0.90 − 10.9 (14) | ||
| 13 | TMB-3 | — | — | 2.93 ± 1.8 (3.48) | 4.11 ± 1.24 (4.67) | — | 3.52 ± 1.60 (3.82) |
| — | — | 0.53 − 5.14 (7) | 2.09 − 5.39 (7) | — | 0.53 − 5.39 (14) | ||
| 14 | MP | 0.26 ± 0.16 (0.2) | 1.15 ± 0.59 (1) | 76.6 ± 91.0 (51.0) | 55.6 ± 34.7 (56.4) | — | 33.4 ± 57.2 (3.33) |
| 0.07 − 0.55 (7) | 0.77 − 2.44 (7) | 4.23 − 262 (7) | 13.7 − 104 (7) | — | 0.07 − 262 (28) | ||
| 15 | BA | 0.61 ± 0.25 (0.6) | 4.41 ± 1.90 (5.01) | 476 ± 477 (368) | 0.91 ± 0.57 (0.81) | 2.68 ± 1.00 (2.12) | 96.9 ± 278 (1.99) |
| 0.14 − 0.94 (7) | 1.87 − 6.74 (7) | 47.1 − 1383 (7) | 0.25 − 1.7 (7) | 1.66 − 4.24 (7) | 0.14 − 1383 (35) | ||
| 16 | NL | 1.58 ± 0.94 (1.38) | 1.27 ± 1.07 (0.89) | 6.63 ± 1.64 (6.72) | 1.55 ± 0.44 (1.47) | 2.77 ± 1.19 (3.25) | 2.76 ± 2.29 (1.96) |
| 0.49 − 3.27 (7) | 0.37 − 3.52 (7) | 3.96 − 8.79 (7) | 0.95 − 2.14 (7) | 0.34 − 3.85 (7) | 0.34 − 8.79 (35) | ||
| 17 | DL | 0.91 ± 0.33 (0.85) | 0.83 ± 0.55 (0.55) | 0.74 ± 0.32 (0.72) | 2.56 ± 1.39 (2.29) | 3.40 ± 2.30 (3.01) | 1.69 ± 1.61 (0.99) |
| 0.55 − 1.47 (7) | 0.32 − 1.93 (7) | 0.20 − 1.12 (7) | 0.28 − 4.46 (7) | 1.11 − 7.44 (7) | 0.2 − 7.44 (35) | ||
| 18 | HX | — | — | 11.8 ± 5.57 (13.7) | — | — | 11.8 ± 5.57 (13.7) |
| — | — | 3.71 − 19.11 (7) | — | — | 3.71 − 19.1 (7) | ||
| 19 | HP | 0.39 ± 0.5 (0.16) | — | 0.41 ± 0.29 (0.33) | 0.35 ± 0.18 (0.36) | — | 0.38 ± 0.33 (0.33) |
| 0.08 − 1.47 (7) | — | 0.09 − 0.91 (7) | 0.08 − 0.57 (7) | — | 0.08 − 1.47 (21) | ||
| 20 | O | 0.75 ± 0.28 (0.66) | 1.68 ± 2.1 (0.92) | 17.3 ± 7.16 (18.3) | 0.52 ± 0.30 (0.39) | 2.82 ± 1.18 (2.82) | 4.61 ± 7.22 (1.12) |
| 0.4 − 1.29 (7) | 0.49 − 6.39 (7) | 8.82 − 27.8 (7) | 0.18 − 1.11 (7) | 1.12 − 4.73 (7) | 0.18 − 27.8 (35) | ||
| 21 | NN | 0.55 ± 0.15 (0.52) | 0.60 ± 0.20 (0.67) | 6.5 ± 6.45 (4.67) | 0.27 ± 0.18 (0.19) | 0.53 ± 0.51 (0.45) | 1.76 ± 3.76 (0.56) |
| 0.32 − 0.75 (7) | 0.27 − 0.80 (5) | 1.04 − 19.2 (7) | 0.13 − 0.66 (7) | 0.05 − 1.57 (7) | 0.05 − 19.2 (33) | ||
| 22 | DE | 0.49 ± 0.21 (0.5) | 0.27 ± 0.09 (0.31) | 2.95 ± 2.83 (2.43) | 2.80 ± 3.19 (1.81) | 0.36 ± 0.22 (0.4) | 1.37 ± 2.19 (0.5) |
| 0.06 − 0.71 (7) | 0.13 − 0.38 (7) | 0.31 − 8.11 (7) | 0.27 − 9.28 (7) | 0.05 − 0.64 (7) | 0.05 − 9.28 (35) | ||
| 23 | U | 0.42 ± 0.15 (0.41) | 0.62 ± 0.20 (0.61) | 104 ± 30.1 (119) | 1.13 ± 1.09 (0.86) | 0.52 ± 0.48 (0.42) | 21.3 ± 43.7 (0.62) |
| 0.26 − 0.70 (7) | 0.3 − 0.93 (7) | 47.6 − 129 (7) | 0.33 − 3.52 (7) | 0.01 − 1.29 (7) | 0.01 − 129 (35) | ||
| 24 | D | 0.95 ± 0.25 (0.93) | 0.52 ± 0.20 (0.53) | 4.11 ± 2.73 (4.56) | 40.3 ± 14.6 (44.9) | 2.52 ± 0.78 (2.99) | 9.67 ± 16.8 (1.59) |
| 0.62 − 1.36 (7) | 0.27 − 0.79 (7) | 0.71 − 7.97 (7) | 18.0 − 57.1 (7) | 1.49 − 3.33 (7) | 0.27 − 57.1 (35) | ||
| 25 | TI | 0.77 ± 0.54 (0.53) | 0.47 ± 0.24 (0.52) | 2.75 ± 2.06 (2.99) | 47.3 ± 7.23 (51.0) | 1.7 ± 0.69 (1.64) | 10.6 ± 18.9 (1.38) |
| 0.23 − 1.62 (7) | 0.16 − 0.85 (7) | 0.10 − 5.25 (7) | 34.6 − 53.1 (7) | 0.98 − 2.86 (7) | 0.10 − 53.1 (35) | ||
| 26 | TE | 1.81 ± 1.66 (1.05) | 2.36 ± 1.33 (2.17) | 5.35 ± 1.4 (6.07) | 24.9 ± 1.61 (25.8) | 5.97 ± 2.05 (6.65) | 8.08 ± 8.83 (5.04) |
| 0.79 − 5.45 (7) | 0.50 − 4.72 (7) | 2.60 − 6.61 (7) | 22.5 − 26.3 (7) | 3.19 − 8.72 (7) | 0.50 − 26.3 (35) | ||
| 27 | P | 1.42 ± 2.06 (0.72) | 2.36 ± 1.16 (2.11) | 3.88 ± 1.15 (3.92) | 20.3 ± 2.09 (21.1) | 4.83 ± 5.72 (2.82) | 6.57 ± 7.61 (3.7) |
| 0.33 − 6.06 (7) | 1.16 − 3.87 (7) | 1.69 − 5.40 (7) | 17.3 − 22.9 (7) | 0.18 − 16.0 (7) | 0.18 − 22.9 (35) | ||
| 28 | HD | 0.62 ± 0.3 (0.72) | — | — | — | — | 0.62 ± 0.3 (0.72) |
| 0.20 − 0.98 (7) | — | — | — | — | 0.20 − 0.98 (7) | ||
| 29 | DCE | — | — | 2.28 ± 1.71 (2.51) | — | — | 2.28 ± 1.71 (2.51) |
| — | — | 0.34 − 4.76 (7) | — | — | 0.34 − 4.76 (7) | ||
| 30 | TCE-1 | 0.38 ± 0.29 (0.41) | — | 0.91 ± 0.95 (0.40) | — | — | 0.64 ± 0.73 (0.41) |
| 0.02 − 0.85 (7) | — | 0.3 − 2.61 (7) | — | — | 0.02 − 2.61 (14) | ||
| 31 | DCP | 0.40 ± 0.14 (0.37) | — | 0.70 ± 0.59 (0.44) | — | — | 0.55 ± 0.44 (0.41) |
| 0.25 − 0.69 (7) | — | 0.13 − 1.70 (7) | — | — | 0.13 − 1.70 (14) | ||
| 32 | BCM | — | — | 0.28 ± 0.19 (0.24) | — | — | 0.28 ± 0.19 (0.24) |
| — | — | 0.05 − − 0.51 (7) | — | — | 0.05 − 0.51 (7) | ||
| 33 | TCE-2 | 0.19 ± 0.14 (0.13) | — | 0.28 ± 0.23 (0.2) | 0.79 ± 0.78 (0.51) | — | 0.42 ± 0.53 (0.23) |
| 0.0 − 0.36 (7) | — | 0.11 − 0.78 (7) | 0.14 − 2.36 (7) | — | 0.0 − 2.36 (21) | ||
| 34 | TCE-3 | — | — | 5.59 ± 6.09 (3.91) | — | — | 5.59 ± 6.09 (3.91) |
| — | — | 0.45 − 17.5 (7) | — | — | 0.45 − 17.5 (7) | ||
| 35 | α-P | 7.52 ± 0.38 (7.47) | 0.85 ± 0.08 (0.86) | 3.24 ± 3.21 (2.95) | 189 ± 31.8 (203) | — | 50.1 ± 82.9 (7.13) |
| 7.06 − 8.04 (7) | 0.73 − 0.95 (7) | 0.02 − 8.56 (7) | 133 − 224 (7) | — | 0.02 − 224 (28) | ||
| 36 | β-P | 5.03 ± 0.40 (5.02) | 2.72 ± 0.71 (2.49) | 44.6 ± 20.3 (55.0) | 200 ± 29.4 (208) | 2.95 ± 2.40 (3.04) | 51.0 ± 78.6 (5.2) |
| 4.37 − 5.64 (7) | 2.02 − 4.06 (7) | 14.5 − 65.9 (7) | 147 − 230 (7) | 0.36 − 7.57 (7) | 0.36 − 230 (35) | ||
| 37 | LMN | 1.03 ± 0.64 (0.86) | 1.47 ± 0.76 (1.75) | 31.7 ± 19.5 (34.7) | 34.8 ± 5.23 (36.9) | 12.8 ± 17.2 (2.58) | 16.4 ± 18.4 (2.58) |
| 0.52 − 2.32 (7) | 0.38 − 2.28 (7) | 7.00 − 58.2 (7) | 25.9 − 39.4 (7) | 1.25 − 48.5 (7) | 0.38 − 58.2 (35) | ||
| 38 | EC | 4.72 ± 3.16 (2.74) | 7.80 ± 1.87 (8.52) | 8.7 ± 2.25 (9.54) | 1.51 ± 3.04 (0.29) | 50.0 ± 4.16 (49.3) | 14.6 ± 18.4 (8.38) |
| 1.37 − 8.69 (7) | 4.29 − 9.36 (7) | 5.07 − 11.1 (7) | 0.13 − 8.38 (7) | 43.9 − 57.9 (7) | 0.13 − 57.9 (35) | ||
| 39 | BL | — | — | 6.96 ± 13.0 (2.03) | 0.52 ± 0.46 (0.32) | — | 3.74 ± 9.43 (0.61) |
| — | — | 0.06 − 36.0 (7) | 0.11 − 1.47 (7) | — | 0.06 − 36.0 (14) | ||
aThe acronyms of VOCs are provided in Table 2.
bMean ± SD (median) obtained from all individual measurements (day 1 to day 14 (n = 7)).
cMin − Max (number of data above detection limit).
dNot detected.