Human IL-1Ra levels at the inlet and outlet of bio-artificial liver device after 10 h of extracorporeal perfusion. *P < 0.05 versus the same group [no-cell rIL-1Ra(+), rat AdIL-1Ra(+) or TTNT AdIL-1Ra(+)] at the inlet, ‡P < 0.05 versus rat AdIL-1Ra(+) and TTNT AdIL-1Ra(+) in the same group (inlet or outlet). Rat AdIL-1Ra(−), co-cultured rat hepatocytes with no transfection; no-cell rIL-1Ra(+), bioreactor without cells, but recombinant human IL-1Ra was continuously infused from a venous line; rat AdIL-1Ra(+), co-cultured rat hepatocytes transfected with adenoviral vector encoding human IL-1Ra; TTNT AdIL-1Ra(+), TTNT cells transfected with adenoviral vector encoding human IL-1Ra. IL-1Ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. ND, not detected. Results are expressed as mean ± SD.