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. 2011 Jul 8;39(19):8572–8585. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr560

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Mutational analysis of the invariant apical stem. (a) Nucleotide substitutions present in S1–S4 mutants are represented below the wild-type C-S8 FMDV IRES sequence (nucleotides 191–210). A diagram of the wild-type secondary structure of this region is shown (left). (b) Relative IRES activity, determined as the ratio of luciferase to CAT in BHK-21 cells transfected with plasmids of the form CAT-IRES-luciferase made relative to the activity obtained with the wt IRES. Values correspond to the mean of three independent assays. Errors bars, SD. (c) PDB RNA structure prediction by Mc-fold pipeline of the apical region of domain 3 (nucleotides 155–223) bearing wt and S1–S4 mutant sequences. Location of the loops and stems referred to in the text are depicted by the color code listed in the legend.