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. 2011 Oct 25;5(10):e1368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001368

Figure 1. S. mansoni eggs and their secretions induce dose-dependent hepatotoxicity in vitro.

Figure 1

Mouse primary hepatocytes cultured in 0.5 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium were co-incubated with different numbers of (A) eggs or (B) ESP. After 72 h, alanine tranaminase (ALT), a biomarker for hepatotoxicity, was measured. A combination of 5 mM D-galactosamine hydrochloride (D-gal) and 1 µg/ml rTNF-α (D-gal/TNF-α) was used as a known hepatotoxic control. As a negative control, hepatocytes were incubated with PBS. Data are displayed as the mean ± S.D. from two experiments each performed in duplicate.