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. 2011 Oct 25;5(10):e1368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001368

Figure 5. Omega-1 and IPSE are major hepatotoxins in ESP and SEA.

Figure 5

Hepatocytes were co-incubated with 10 µg/ml ESP or SEA, or with ESP or SEA first depleted of both omega-1 and IPSE with a mixture of anti-IPSE and anti-omega-1 monoclonal antibodies (each 5 µg/ml). After 72 h, the presence of ALT in the medium was measured. A combination of 5 mM D-galactosamine hydrochloride (D-gal) and 1 µg/ml rTNF-α (D-gal/TNF-α) was employed as a known hepatotoxic control and negative control cultures used PBS. Depletion of both IPSE and omega-1 diminished the toxicity of ESP and SEA by 60% and 58%, respectively. Data are displayed as the mean ± S.D. from two experiments each in duplicate. * P<0.05 for values significantly different from ESP and SEA is based on paired analysis (one sided paired Student's t-test).