Table 2.

Acute Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco on Pain Perception: Pain-Inhibitory Effects Not Observed

Study	Participants	Pain	Conditions	Threshold	Tolerance	Primary Findings
Waller et al. (1983)	33sm	Electrical	Smoke	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking or β-blocker on pain threshold or tolerance.
			Smoke + β-blocking agent
			No Smoke
Mueser et al. (1984)	24sm	Electrical	Smoke	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking on pain threshold.
			No Smoke
Shiffman & Jarvik (1984)	10sm	Electrical	High-Nic Cigarette	18.0 shocks	Not Analyzed	No effect of smoking on pain threshold.
			Sham Smoke	18.3 shocks
Jarvik et al. (1989)	15sm	CPT	Smoke	Unspecified	40.1s	No difference was found between the smoking and deprived conditions for either pain threshold or pain tolerance.
			Deprived		36.3s
Sult & Moss (1986)	16s; 16ns	Electrical and CPT	Sham Smoke	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking on threshold or tolerance for either CPT or Electrical stimulation.
			Moderate-Nic Cigarette
Knott (1990)	14sm	Electrical	Smoke	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking on pain ratings.
			Deprived			Smoking increased N1-P2 amplitudes to electrical stimulation.
Knott & De Lugt (1991)	24sm	Electrical	Smoke	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking on pain ratings. Increasing pre-pain warning stimulation resulted in highest pain ratings.
			No Smoke
			4 Warning Conditions
Unrod et al. (2004)	80sm	CPT 3°C	Smoke + Distraction	Unspecified	Unspecified	No effect of smoking on pain threshold or tolerance.
	40M; 40F		Smoke + No Distraction			Hypothesized Smoke × Distraction interaction was ns.
			No Smoke + Distraction			Threshold and tolerance increased with Distraction for men only.
			No Smoke + No Distraction

Note. Table adapted from Jamner et al. (1998); CPT = Cold-Pressor Test