Table 1. Sample characteristics of daily and non-daily young adult smokers (N = 248).
| Daily smokers (n = 167) | Non-daily smokers (n = 81) | Total sample (N = 248) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (%) | |||
| Female | 45.8 | 39.5 | 43.7 |
| Male | 53.6 | 59.3 | 55.5 |
| Transgender | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| Age (M[SD]) | 21.7 (2.2) | 21.3 (2.3) | 21.5 (2.3) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
| African-American/Black | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.4 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.8 | 11.1 | 6.9 |
| Caucasian/White | 70.7 | 65.4 | 69.0 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13.2 | 13.6 | 13.3 |
| Other | 7.2 | 4.9 | 6.5 |
| Employment status (%)** | |||
| Full-time | 34.7 | 33.3 | 34.3 |
| Part-time | 9.0 | 13.6 | 10.5 |
| Unemployed/Homemaker | 35.9 | 14.8 | 29.0 |
| Student | 20.4 | 38.3 | 26.2 |
| Education (M years [SD])** | 13.5 (2.0) | 14.5 (2.0) | 13.8 (2.1) |
| Annual family income (%)* | |||
| Less than $20,000 | 31.1 | 21.0 | 27.8 |
| $21,000 – $40,000 | 19.2 | 23.5 | 20.6 |
| $41,000 – $60,000 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 15.7 |
| $61,000 – $80,000 | 15.6 | 6.2 | 12.5 |
| $81,000 – $100,000 | 7.2 | 11.1 | 8.5 |
| $100,000 – $200,000 | 9.6 | 14.8 | 11.3 |
| Over $200,000 | 1.8 | 7.4 | 3.6 |
| Subjective social status (M[SD])** | 5.0 (1.8) | 5.9 (1.8) | 5.3 (1.9) |
| Region (%) | |||
| Northeast | 19.2 | 19.8 | 19.4 |
| Midwest | 23.4 | 18.5 | 21.8 |
| South | 32.9 | 25.9 | 30.6 |
| West | 24.6 | 35.8 | 28.2 |
| Smoking Variables | |||
| Cigarettes smoked per day (M[SD])** | 12.3 (7.3) | 3.2 (4.0) | 9.3 (7.7) |
| Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (M[SD]) | 3.2 (1.2) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.2 (1.1) |
| Smoking duration (M years[SD])** | 5.4 (3.4) | 3.1 (2.5) | 4.7 (3.3) |
| Lifetime prior quit attempts (M[SD]) | 7.0 (13.3) | 8.2 (17.2) | 7.4 (14.7) |
| Past year quit attempts (Median [interquartile range]) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) |
| Stage of change (%): | |||
| Precontemplation | 43.7 | 39.5 | 42.3 |
| Contemplation | 34.1 | 24.7 | 27.0 |
| Preparation | 22.2 | 35.8 | 30.6 |
| Desire to quit (M[SD]) | 5.1 (2.9) | 5.5 (3.1) | 5.2 (3.0) |
| Expected success (M[SD})** | 4.9 (2.9) | 7.3 (2.7) | 5.7 (3.1) |
| Expected difficulty (M[SD])** | 6.7 (2.7) | 5.0 (2.9) | 6.2 (2.9) |
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01 for t-test or χ2 test of differences between daily and non-daily smokers.