Table 5.
Validity of smoking stage of change
| PC (n = 105) | C (n = 77) | P (n = 66) | F/χ2 | P-value | Tukey HSD Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONSTRUCT VALIDITY | ||||||
| Desire to quit: M (SD)** | 3.09 (2.37) | 5.98 (2.10) | 7.82 (2.24) | 73.44 | .00 | PC < C < P |
| Expected success: M (SD)** | 4.74 (3.51) | 5.72 (2.42) | 7.14 (2.36) | 10.47 | .00 | PC, C < P |
| Expected difficulty: M (SD)* | 5.48 (3.10) | 6.80 (2.38) | 6.44 (2.84) | 4.14 | .02 | PC < C |
| Abstinence goal (%)** | 22.96 | .00 | ||||
| No change | 49.4 | 20.0 | 18.0 | |||
| Middle | 44.4 | 66.7 | 60.0 | |||
| Abstinence | 6.2 | 13.3 | 22.0 | PC < C < P | ||
| S-SCQ | 114.92 (38.97) | 120.86 (36.71) | 126.42 (31.50) | 1.56 | .21 | |
| Negative Consequences* | 27.8 (8.1) | 30.4 (7.9) | 32.2 (5.4) | 5.17 | .01 | PC < P |
| Positive Reinforcement | 25.8 (12.0) | 25.2 (12.7) | 24.3 (12.7)) | 0.23 | .79 | |
| Negative Reinforcement | 40.1 (18.8) | 43.7 (13.8) | 44.5 (13.4) | 1.47 | .23 | |
| Appetite/Weight Control | 21.2 (14.2) | 21.7 (13.4) | 25.3 (12.7) | 1.56 | .21 | |
| CRITERION VALIDITY | ||||||
| % Daily smokers** | 69.5 | 74.0 | 56.1 | 11.7 | .00 | |
| %≥1 Past year quit attempt** | 30.5 | 29.9 | 39.5 | 49.03 | .00 | |
PC: precontemplation, C: contemplation, P: preparation; S-SCQ: Smoking Consequences Questionnaire – Short Form.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01