Table 4.

In vitro toxicity of different plant products and their active components of plants against the redia larva of Fasciola gigantica.

Exposure	Larvicidal (mg/mL)	LC50	LCL	UCL	Slope-value	t-ratio	g-value	Heterogeneity
2 h	Z. O. Ext*	35.39	25.96	68.41	1.73 ± 0.37	4.58	0.18	0.29
	Citral	43.21	30.28	91.53	1.71 ± 0.36	4.75	0.17	0.27
	F. A. Ext*	5.58	3.96	12.53	1.45 ± 0.35	4.07	0.23	0.14
	Ferulic acid	1.96	1.41	4.51	1.47 ± 0.38	3.82	0.26	0.24
	Umbelliferone	4.53	2.70	22.59	1.04 ± 0.30	3.45	0.32	0.19
	Neem oil	6.81	3.69	48.35	1.16 ± 0.33	3.52	0.31	0.14
	Azadirachtin	0.38	0.24	1.42	1.20 ± 0.35	3.42	0.32	0.17
	A. S. Ext*	0.81	0.52	2.99	1.42 ± 0.37	3.76	0.27	0.21
	Allicin	0.05	0.04	0.15	1.31 ± 0.34	3.76	0.27	0.13
4 h	Z. O. Ext	24.46	18.98	38.64	1.63 ± 0.35	4.66	0.17	0.13
	Citral	19.59	14.72	30.48	1.32 ± 0.29	4.56	0.18	0.19
	F. A. Ext	3.98	2.79	9.71	1.09 ± 0.33	3.31	0.35	0.12
	Ferulic acid	1.16	0.88	1.89	1.32 ± 0.37	3.56	0.30	0.16
	Umbelliferone	1.85	1.35	3.00	1.20 ± 0.28	4.66	0.17	0.13
	Neem oil	2.62	1.92	4.76	1.35 ± 0.29	4.52	0.18	0.16
	Azadirachtin	0.14	0.10	0.18	1.39 ± 0.33	4.14	0.22	0.15
	A. S. Ext	0.57	0.37	2.22	1.11 ± 0.33	3.29	0.35	0.13
	Allicin	0.03	0.02	0.07	1.20 ± 0.33	3.63	0.29	0.15
6 h	Z. O. Ext	13.88	10.37	18.16	1.49 ± 0.33	4.40	0.19	0.18
	Citral	0.97	5.38	12.29	1.96 ± 0.28	4.22	0.21	0.13
	F. A. Ext	1.45	0.83	1.93	1.34 ± 0.33	4.06	0.23	0.23
	Ferulic acid	0.69	0.50	0.85	1.81 ± 0.39	4.64	0.17	0.13
	Umbelliferone	0.77	0.49	1.03	1.40 ± 0.28	4.86	0.16	0.14
	Neem oil	1.24	0.87	1.71	1.25 ± 0.28	4.41	0.19	0.15
	Azadirachtin	0.10	0.07	0.12	1.92 ± 0.35	5.45	0.12	0.13
	A. S. Ext	0.21	0.13	0.31	1.11 ± 0.32	5.94	0.32	0.11
	Allicin	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.59 ± 0.33	4.78	0.16	0.14
8 h	Z. O. Ext	8.55	6.30	10.43	2.14 ± 0.37	5.79	0.11	0.18
	Citral	4.14	0.02	1.22	1.27 ± 0.30	4,21	0.21	0.22
	F. A. Ext	0.85	0.53	1.09	2.46 ± 0.44	5.53	0.12	0.41
	Ferulic acid	0.45	0.29	0.57	2.30 ± 0.04	4.99	0.15	0.41
	Umbelliferone	0.63	0.41	0.82	1.75 ± 0.30	5.68	0.11	0.19
	Neem oil	0.71	0.47	0.92	1.61 ± 0.29	5.40	0.13	0.40
	Azadirachtin	0.07	0.05	0.09	1.92 ± 0.37	5.31	0.13	0.18
	A. S. Ext	0.11	0.03	0.17	1.04 ± 0.32	3.19	0.37	0.11
	Allicin	0.01	0.01	0.02	1.66 ± 0.33	4.94	0.15	0.17

Z. O. Ext: Zingiber officinale, F. A. Ext: Ferula asafoetida extract, A. S. Ext: Allium sativum extract, LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Six batches of 10 redia larva were exposed to different concentration of the above molluscicides treatments. Mortality was recorded every 2 h. Concentrations given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression (P < 0.05) was observed between exposure time and LC₅₀ of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Z. O. Ext: 9.58⁺, citral: 7.18⁺⁺, ferulic asafetida: 6.51⁺, ferulic acid 8.68⁺⁺, umbelliferone: 10.52⁺⁺, neem oil: 16.46⁺⁺, azadirachtin: 13.34⁺⁺, allium sativum: 1.57⁺, allicin: 4.43⁺⁺: linear regression between x and y, ⁺⁺: nonlinear regression.