Table 5.

In vitro toxicity of different plant products and their active components against the cercaria larva of Fasciola gigantica.

Exposure	Larvicidal (mg/mL)	LC50	LCL	UCL	Slope value	t-ratio	g-value	Heterogeneity
2 h	Z. O. Ext	33.77	22.98	99.35	1.24 ± 0.34	3.56	0.30	0.11
	Citral	39.99	28.86	76.90	1.11 ± 0.30	4.95	0.15	0.27
	F. A. Ext	4.51	3.13	12.15	1.70 ± 0.32	3.37	0.81	0.55
	Ferulic acid	1.72	1.21	5.18	1.18 ± 0.37	3.18	0.37	0.13
	Umbelliferone	1.49	1.06	2.83	1.23 ± 0.27	4.45	0.19	0.18
	Neem oil	6.81	3.13	12.15	1.09 ± 0.28	3.91	0.21	0.15
	Azadirachtin	0.38	0.26	0.87	1.57 ± 0.37	4.22	0.29	0.19
	A. S. Ext	0.39	0.28	0.84	1.19 ± 0.33	3.59	0.29	0.12
	Allicin	0.03	0.02	0.07	1.21 ± 0.33	3.64	0.28	0.13
4 h	Z. O. Ext	14.91	10.67	21.43	1.25 ± 0.33	3.74	0.27	0.17
	Citral	19.81	14.72	31.76	1.27 ± 0.28	4.42	0.19	0.14
	F. A. Ext	2.44	1.72	3.57	120 ± 0.32	3.69	0.28	0.10
	Ferulic acid	0.95	0.62	1.58	1.07 ± 0.36	2.91	0.45	0.16
	Umbelliferone	1.03	0.70	1.97	1.97 ± 0.26	3.62	0.29	0.14
	Neem oil	1.41	0.91	4.11	1.89 ± 0.26	3.34	0.34	0.12
	Azadirachtin	0.27	0.20	0.51	1.51 ± 0.35	4.30	0.20	0.15
	A. S. Ext	0.22	0.17	0.29	1.48 ± 0.33	4.47	0.19	0.18
	Allicin	0.02	0.01	0.03	1.21 ± 0.32	3.71	0.27	0.14
6 h	Z. O. Ext	9.49	5.94	12.38	1.45 ± 0.34	4.22	0.21	0.15
	Citral	8.73	5.60	11.62	1.33 ± 0.28	4.83	0.17	0.21
	F. A. Ext	1.03	0.16	1.63	1.78 ± 0.32	2.42	0.65	0.11
	Ferulic acid	0.51	0.23	0.70	1.34 ± 0.38	3.47	0.31	0.12
	Umbelliferone	0.46	0.32	0.59	1.61 ± 0.28	5.41	0.12	0.16
	Neem oil	0.62	0.40	0.89	1.10 ± 0.27	4.79	0.23	0.14
	Azadirachtin	1.56	0.12	0.21	1.51 ± 0.33	4.46	0.19	0.12
	A. S. Ext	0.14	0.08	0.18	1.46 ± 0.33	4.41	0.19	0.57
	Allicin	0.07	0.04	0.01	1.17 ± 0.33	3.53	0.30	0.34
8 h	Z. O. Ext	7.73	5.03	9.84	1.83 ± 0.36	5.02	0.15	0.22
	Citral	6.08	4.23	7.69	2.02 ± 0.32	6.21	0.10	0.38
	F. A. Ext	0.99	0.68	1.24	2.49 ± 0.47	5.98	0.10	0.30
	Ferulic acid	0.44	0.29	0.55	2.44 ± 0.48	4.99	0.13	0.25
	Umbelliferone	0.27	0.13	0.39	1.39 ± 0.30	4.63	0.17	0.20
	Neem oil	0.31	0.17	0.44	1.40 ± 0.29	4.75	0.17	0.16
	Azadirachtin	0.08	0.05	0.11	1.50 ± 0.34	4.34	0.20	0.21
	A. S. Ext	0.12	0.09	0.15	2.22 ± 0.36	6.01	0.10	0.26
	Allicin	0.009	0.005	0.01	1.75 ± 0.36	4.74	0.17	0.25

Z. O. Ext: Zingiber officinale, F. A. Ext: Ferula asafoetida extract, A. S. Ext: Allium sativum extract, LCL: lower confidence limits, UCL: upper confidence limits. Six batches of 10 cercaria larva were exposed to different concentration of the above molluscicides treatments. Mortality of cercaria was recorded every 2 h. Concentration given are the final concentration (W/V) in the glass aquarium water. Significant negative regression (P < 0.05) was observed between exposure time and LC₅₀ of treatments. TS: testing significant of the regression coefficient. Z. O. Ext: 17.91⁺⁺, citral: 9.52⁺⁺, ferulic asafetida: 6.04⁺⁺, ferulic acid: 9.95⁺⁺, umbelliferone: 7.69⁺, neem oil: 57.95⁺⁺, azadirachtin: 13.39⁺, allium sativum: +6.29⁺⁺, allicin: 5.81⁺⁺: linear regression between x and y, ⁺⁺: nonlinear regression.