Table 1.

Macrolides in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Study	Study design	N	Macrolide	Age (years)	End-point
Koh et al. [23]	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	25	Roxithromycin 4 mg/kg twice daily for 12 weeks	13.1 ± 2.6	(i) Reduction of sputum purulence (P < 0.005) (ii) Reduction in airway responsiveness after methacholine challenge (P < 0.01)
Tsang et al. [24]	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	21	Erythromycin 500 mg twice daily for 8 weeks	50 ± 15	(i) FEV1 and FVC improvement (P < 0.05) (ii) Reduction of 24-h sputum volume (P < 0.05) (iii) Reduction of the number of exacerbations
Davies and Wilson [25]	Prospective open-label	39	Azithromycin 250 mg, thrice weekly for 4 months	51.9 ± 16.1	(i) Reduction of clinical exacerbations with the use of oral and intravenous antibiotics (P < 0.001) (ii) Pulmonary function improvement (P < 0.01)
Cymbala et al. [26]	Randomized, open-label, crossover	11	Azithromycin 500 mg twice weekly for 6 months	—	(i) Reduction in pulmonary exacerbations (ii) Reduction of sputum volume
Yalcin et al. [27]	Randomized, controlled	34	Clarithromycin 15 mg/kg/day for 3 months	13.1 ± 2.7	(i) Reduction in bronchial inflammation (P < 0.02) (ii) Pulmonary function improvement (FEF25–75%) P < 0.015 (iii) Reduction of sputum volume (P < 0.0001)
Anwar et al. [28]	Prospective open-label	56	Azithromycin 250 mg, thrice weekly for at least 3 months	63 (±12.9)	(i) Reduction in pulmonary exacerbations (P < 0.001) (ii) Reduction of microorganisms rates in the sputum (P < 0.005) (iii) Reduction in the self-reported sputum volume (iv) FEV1 improvement (P < 0.002)
Serisier et al. [29]	Prospective open-label	21	Erythromycin 250 mg/day for 12 months	62.5 (±11)	(i) Reduction in pulmonary exacerbations (P < 0.0001) (ii) Reduction of antibiotics use (P < 0.0001)

FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FEF25–75%: maximal midexpiratory flow; FVC: forced vital capacity.