Table 1.
Description of interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in youth.
| Reference | Design | Theory | Setting | Study duration | Participants | Intervention | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sedentary behavior studies | |||||||
| Escobar-Chaves et al. [26] | RCT | No specific theory reported | Convenient locations (clinics, public libraries, and schools); US | I: 6 months F/U: 6 months |
N (C) = 101 N (I) = 101 Mean age (y): Parents: 40 ± 7.6 Children: 8.2 ± 0.8 Sex: Parents: 88.6% female Children: 51.5% male Race: Parents: 43.6% white Children: not reported |
2-hour workshop and 6 bimonthly newsletters to reduce media consumption | No detail reported |
| Robinson [22] | RCT | Social cognitive model | 2 public elementary schools; US | I: 6 months F/U: No detail reported |
N (C) = 120 N (I) = 105 Mean age (y): C: 8.9 ± 0.6 I: 8.9 ± 0.7 Sex: C: 55.4% male I: 52.8% male Race: C: 80.6% white I: 77.2% white |
18-lesson classroom curriculum to reduce screen time; 14 parent newsletters | No treatment control |
| Robinson and Borzekowski [23] | RCT | Social cognitive theory | 2 public elementary schools; US | I: 6 months F/U: No detail reported |
N (C) = 100 N (I) = 92 Mean age (y): 8.95 ± 0.64 Sex: 46% female Race: not reported |
18 in-class lessons; TV turnoff challenge followed by encouragement to budget TV time to 7 hrs/week; parent newsletters | No detail reported |
| Physical activity studies | |||||||
| Slootmaker et al. [27] | RCT | No detail reported | 5 secondary schools; The Netherlands | I: 3 months F/U: 5 months |
N (C) = 41 N (I) = 38 Mean age (y): C: Boys: 14.8 ± 1.4 Girls: 15.0 ± 1.2 I: Boys: 15.3 ± 1.1 Girls: 15.4 ± 1.1 Sex: 63% female Race: not reported |
Accelerometer; web-based, tailored PA advice to increase PA and decrease SB | Brochure with recommendations for PA |
| Sedentary behavior and physical activity studies | |||||||
| Epstein et al. [21] | Randomized trial | No detail reported | Clinic; US | I: 6 months F/U: 6 months |
N = 61 families Mean age (y): Child: 10.1 Sex: 73% female Race: 96% white |
Weekly family-based treatment meetings focused on PA and SB; 3 intervention groups received reinforcement for either reducing sedentary activities, increasing PA, or combination | Not applicable |
| Epstein et al. [20] | Randomized Trial | No detail reported | Clinic; US | I: 6 months F/U: 6 months |
N = 56 Mean age (y): Children: 10.4 ± 1.2 Sex: 51.8% male Race: 94.6% white |
Family-based treatment meetings focused on reinforcing increasing PA or combination of reducing SB and increasing PA | Not applicable |
| Jones et al. [28] | RCT | Social cognitive theory; Transtheoretical model | Middle schools; US | I: 1.5 academic years F/U: no detail reported |
N (C) = 371 N (I) = 347 Mean age (y): 11.6 ± 0.4 Sex: 100% female Race: 72% white |
16-session health curriculum; PE program and school food service component with emphasis on calcium-rich foods | Usual health program |
| Robinson et al. [29] | RCT | Social cognitive model | Low-income neighborhood community centers; US | I: 12 weeks F/U: no detail reported |
N (C) = 33 N (I) = 28 Mean age (y): C: 9.5 ± 0.9 I: 9.5 ± 0.8 Sex: 100% female Race: 100% AA |
60 after-school dance classes plus 5 home lessons to reduce TV time | Newsletters and health education lectures |
| Salmon et al. [30] | RCT | Social cognitive theory; Behavioral choice theory | Government schools in low socioeconomic areas; Australia | I: 1 academic year F/U: 12 months |
N = 306 Mean age (m): 10.8 ± 5 Sex: 51% female Race: not reported |
19 in-class lessons promoting PA and decreasing SB; 3 intervention groups received either behavior modification of PA and SB, movement skill games or combination of both | Usual curriculum |
| Simon et al. [31] | RCT | No detail reported | Public middle schools; France | I: 4 school years F/U: no detail reported |
N (C)= 479 N (I) = 475 Mean age (y): C: 11.7 ± 0.7 I: 11.6 ± 0.6 Sex: C: 52% male I: 54% female |
Multilevel program focused on changing knowledge/attitudes towards PA and SB; providing environmental opportunities for PA | Usual health and PE curriculum |
| Sedentary behavior, physical activity and diet studies | |||||||
| Gortmaker et al. [32] | RCT | Behavioral choice theory; Social cognitive theory | 10 public schools; US | I: 2 academic years F/U: No detail reported |
N (5 C schools) = 654 N (6 I schools) = 641 Mean age (y): 11.7 ± 0.7 Sex: 48% female Race: C: 69% white I: 63% white |
Planet Health curriculum: 32 lessons on reducing TV time, increasing PA, decreasing high-fat food intake, and increasing F/V intake | Regular school curriculum |
| Sacher et al. [33] | RCT | Social cognitive theory | Community centers and schools, UK | I: 6 months F/U: 6 months |
N (C)= 56 N (I) = 60 Mean age (y): C: 10.2 ± 1.3 I: 10.3 ± 1.3 Sex: C: 45% females I: 63% females Race: C: 50% white I: 50% white |
18 2-hour group educational and PA sessions, followed by 12-week family swimming pass | 6-month delayed intervention |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; US, United States; I, intervention; F/U, duration of followup after intervention completed; C, control; y, year; TV, television; hrs, hours; PA, physical activity; SB, sedentary behavior; PE, physical education; AA, African American; F/V, fruits and vegetables.
Note: N represented at baseline.