Table 3.
Mean scores on neurodevelopmental scales at 5 years of age.
| N | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Intelligence | ||
| WPPSI1 | ||
| Performance IQ | 207 | 94.7 (14.7) |
|
| ||
| Motor | ||
| WRAVMA2 | ||
| Pegboard-Dominant | 205 | 110.7 (17.4) |
| Pegboard-Nondominant | 204 | 110.3 (17.2) |
| McCarthy | ||
| Draw-a-Child | 206 | 3.9 (16.1) |
| Gross Motor-Leg | 194 | 11.0 (2.2) |
| Gross Motor-Arm | 202 | 4.1 (2.4) |
|
| ||
| Language Development | ||
| WPPSI1 Vocabulary | 207 | 8.8 (2.6) |
| PPVT3 | 205 | 94.8 (17.5) |
|
| ||
| Memory | ||
| McCarthy | ||
| Words and Sentences | 205 | −4.5 (16.6) |
| Digit Span Forward | 204 | −15.2 (13.0) |
| Digit Span Backward | 199 | −15.3 (10.6) |
|
| ||
| School Readiness | ||
| Woodcock-Johnson/Muñoz | ||
| Letter-Word | 199 | 92.4 (12.1) |
| Applied Problems | 206 | 87.0 (15.8) |
|
| ||
| Attention | ||
| CBCL4 | ||
| ADHD5 | 200 | 4.7 (2.8) |
| KCPT6 | ||
| ADHD Confidence Index5 | 188 | 45.7 (17.5) |
1Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.
2Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Ability.
3Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.
4Child Behavior Checklist.
5Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
6Kiddie Continuous Performance Test.
Note: We report differences between chronological and developmental ages for the McCarthy Draw-a-Child, Words and Sentences, and Digit Span Forward and Backward subtests (in months). Raw scores are reported for the gross motor tasks of the McCarthy scales (no developmental ages are available for these subtests) and for the CBCL as recommended by the test manual [42]. Standardized scores are used for other tests.