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. 2011 Jun 22;174(5):537–545. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr116

Table 3.

Odds Ratios of Hypertension Associated With Race and Other Covariates in Sequential Models, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006a

Model 1
 Model 2
 Model 3
 Model 4
 Model 5
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Age 1.10 1.10, 1.11 1.10 1.09, 1.11 1.10 1.09, 1.11 1.10 1.09, 1.11 1.10 1.09, 1.11
Gender
    Male 0.91 0.79, 1.06 0.89 0.77, 1.04 0.89 0.77, 1.04 0.89 0.77, 1.04 0.89 0.77, 1.03
    Female 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
Race
    Black 2.92 2.47, 3.45 2.74 2.32, 3.25 2.81 2.37, 3.34
    White 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
Race difference at low (10th percentile) black isolation score 1.67* 1.08, 2.57 1.64** 1.07, 2.52
Race difference at high (90th percentile) black isolation score 3.57* 2.88, 4.42 3.37** 2.66, 4.26
Education
    Less than high school 1.37 1.06, 1.77 1.37 1.06, 1.77 1.36 1.05, 1.76 1.34 1.03, 1.74
    High school 1.63 1.34, 1.98 1.63 1.34, 1.97 1.63 1.34, 1.97 1.62 1.33, 1.97
    Some college 1.29 1.06, 1.57 1.29 1.0, 1.57 1.28 1.05, 1.56 1.28 1.05, 1.56
    Bachelor’s degree or more 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
Income
    <$14,999 1.19 0.94, 1.51 1.20 0.94, 1.52 1.19 0.94, 1.51 1.16 0.92, 1.47
    $15,000–$34,999 0.99 0.78, 1.25 0.99 0.78, 1.26 1.00 0.78, 1.27 0.98 0.76, 1.25
    $35,000–$64,999 0.87 0.70, 1.10 0.88 0.70, 1.11 0.88 0.70, 1.10 0.87 0.69, 1.09
 ≥$65,000 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent 1.00 Referent
Black isolation score 0.96 0.86, 1.07
    Black isolation score among blacks 1.18* 1.00, 1.39 1.17** 0.99, 1.38
    Black isolation score among whites 0.90* 0.79, 1.02 0.90** 0.79, 1.02
Neighborhood poverty 1.07 0.97, 1.18

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

*Pinteraction = 0.006; **Pinteraction = 0.009.

a

Estimates are derived from a 3-level random intercept model as described in the text. Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, and race. Model 2 is adjusted for model 1, education, and income. Model 3 is adjusted for model 2 and the black isolation score. Model 4 is adjusted for model 3 and race-black isolation interaction. Model 5 is adjusted for model 4 and neighborhood poverty.