Table I.
Urinary levels of total NNAL, total NNN, free NNN, NNN-N-Gluc and the percentage of NNN-N-Gluc by number of cigarettes per day and urinary total cotinine among current smokers of control subjects only, The Shanghai Cohort Study 1986–2008
| No. of subjects | Geometric mean (95% CI), fmol/mg creatinine |
Mean percentage of NNN-N-Gluc (95% CI) | ||||
| Total NNALa | Total NNN | Free NNN | NNN-N-Gluc | |||
| No. of cigarettes/day | ||||||
| <10 | 36 | 210 (158–280) | 23.0 (15.8–33.4) | 9.7 (6.5–14.7) | 12.3 (8.4–17.9) | 55.0 (50.0–60.1) |
| 10 to <20 | 79 | 372 (308–449) | 43.3 (33.7–55.6) | 18.0 (13.6–23.7) | 23.1 (17.9–29.8) | 55.6 (52.2–59.0) |
| 20+ | 108 | 475 (404–559) | 58.1 (46.9–72.0) | 22.7 (18.0–28.8) | 31.9 (25.6–39.6) | 57.4 (54.5–60.3) |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.34 | |
| Urinary total cotinine (nmol/mg creatinine) | ||||||
| First quartile (<5.22) | 56 | 197 (161–241) | 15.0 (11.8–19.0) | 6.1 (6.6–8.0) | 8.1 (6.3–10.3) | 56.1 (52.1–60.1) |
| Second quartile (5.22–11.52) | 56 | 326 (267–398) | 37.2 (29.4–47.2) | 16.0 (12.1–21.0) | 19.3 (15.1–24.5) | 54.4 (50.3–58.4) |
| Third quartile (11.53–18.89) | 56 | 454 (373–553) | 63.3 (50.0–80.3) | 24.0 (18.3–31.6) | 38.4 (28.6–46.3) | 59.1 (55.1–63.1) |
| Fourth quartile (>18.90) | 55 | 747 (609–916) | 119.1 (93.6–151.5) | 48.3 (36.6–63.8) | 63.4 (49.7–80.9) | 55.9 (51.9–60.0) |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.65 | |
a
Based on 218 subjects in total after five controls with missing values for total NNAL were excluded from this analysis.