Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants and Decedents in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study (PACTS/PACTS-HOPE) (1986–2004).
| Participants, no. (%) |
||||
| Characteristic | Total (n = 364) | alive (n = 266) | Deaths (n = 98) | Pa |
| Clinical site | .75 | |||
| Atlanta | 46 (12.6) | 35 (76.1) | 11 (23.9) | |
| Baltimore | 48 (13.2) | 33 (68.8) | 15 (31.3) | |
| Newark | 52 (14.3) | 36 (69.2) | 16 (30.8) | |
| New York | 218 (59.9) | 162 (74.3) | 56 (25.7) | |
| Birth yearsb | <.01 | |||
| 1986–1990 | 86 (23.6) | 45 (52.3) | 41 (47.7) | |
| 1991–1993 | 151 (41.5) | 110 (72.8) | 41 (27.2) | |
| 1994–1996 | 89 (24.5) | 76 (85.4) | 13 (14.6) | |
| 1997–1999 | 38 (10.4) | 35 (92.1) | 3 (7.9) | |
| Sex | .05 | |||
| Male | 162 (44.5) | 110 (67.9) | 52 (32.1) | |
| Female | 202 (55.5) | 156 (77.2) | 46 (22.8) | |
| Race | .77 | |||
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 252 (69.2) | 183 (72.6) | 69 (27.4) | |
| Other | 112 (30.8) | 83 (74.1) | 29 (25.9) | |
| Birth weight, kg | <.01 | |||
| <2.5 | 142 (39.0) | 90 (63.4) | 52 (36.6) | |
| >=2.5 | 213 (58.5) | 168 (78.9) | 45 (21.1) | |
| Data missing | 9 (2.5) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Gestational age, wk | <.01 | |||
| <=37 | 152 (41.8) | 98 (64.5) | 54 (35.5) | |
| >37 | 212 (58.2) | 168 (79.2) | 44 (20.8) | |
| HAZ quartilesc | .01 | |||
| Less than −2.4 | 66 (18.1) | 42 (63.6) | 24 (36.4) | |
| −2.4 to less than −1.1 | 62 (17.0) | 43 (69.4) | 19 (30.6) | |
| −1.1 to less than −0.06 | 61 (16.8) | 49 (80.3) | 12 (19.7) | |
| −0.06 or higher | 62 (17.0) | 54 (87.1) | 8 (12.9) | |
| Data missing | 113 (31.0) | 78 (69.0) | 35 (31.0) | |
| WAZ quartilesc | <.05 | |||
| Less than −2.7 | 66 (18.1) | 43 (65.2) | 23 (34.8) | |
| −2.7 to less than −1.7 | 70 (19.2) | 50 (71.4) | 20 (28.6) | |
| −1.7 to less than −0.7 | 65 (17.9) | 51 (78.5) | 14 (21.5) | |
| −0.7 or higher | 66 (18.1) | 56 (84.8) | 10 (15.2) | |
| Data missing | 97 (26.7) | 66 (68.0) | 31 (32.0) | |
| Thymic dysfunctiond | <.01 | |||
| Yes | 42 (11.5) | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | |
| No | 237 (65.1) | 188 (79.3) | 49 (20.7) | |
| Data missing | 85 (23.4) | 58 (68.2) | 27 (31.8) | |
| Timing of infectione | <.01 | |||
| Intrauterine transmission | 65 (17.9) | 37 (56.9) | 28 (43.1) | |
| Intrapartum transmission | 88 (24.2) | 74 (84.1) | 14 (15.9) | |
| Data missing | 211 (58.0) | 155 (73.5) | 56 (26.5) | |
| Perinatal ZDVf prophylaxis | <.01 | |||
| Yes | 84 (23.1) | 71 (84.5) | 13 (15.5) | |
| No | 280 (76.9) | 195 (69.6) | 85 (30.4) | |
| Pneumocystis prophylaxis at ≤6 mo of age | .12 | |||
| Yes | 221 (60.7) | 168 (76.0) | 53 (24.0) | |
| No | 143 (39.3) | 98 (68.5) | 45 (31.5) | |
| Total | 364 (100.0) | 266 (73.1) | 98 (26.9) | … |
χ2 test. The bold face indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
Cochran-Armitage trend test for birth years, Differences in height-for-age Z score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z score (WAZ), maternal viral load, and maternal CD4 values were all significant at α = 0.05.
First available measure within 3 months of age.
First available measure within 6 months of age; the diagnosis of thymic dysfunction based on first available CD4 and CD8 counts, both <5th percentile.
Based on positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture or HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction results obtained at <7 days of age.
Maternal and/or infant zidovudine (ZDV) received within 24 hours before and/or after delivery, respectively.