Table 1.
Frequency of Selected Demographic and Clinical Factors by Breastfeeding Status at Each Age Interval, PEPE-Malawi Study, Blantyre, Malawi, 2004–2009a,b
| Characteristic | Infant age intervals |
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| 6–9 months N = 1761 |
9–12 months N = 1633 |
12–15 months N = 1543 |
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| (1) | (2) | BF (3) | NBF (4) | BF (5) | NBF (6) | BF (7) | NBF (8) |
| Maternal age | Mean (years) | 26.4 (N = 504) | 26.8 (N = 1152) | 26.6 (N = 287) | 26.8 (N = 1252) | 26.3 (N = 189) | 26.8 (N = 1265) |
| Parity | Mean (children) | 3.5 (N = 549) | 3.4 (N = 1212) | 3.6 (N = 317) | 3.4 (N = 1316) | 3.5 (N = 212) | 3.4 (N = 1331) |
| Maternal BMI (baseline) | Mean (kg) | 24.1 (N = 501) | 24.0 (N = 1151) | 24.3 (N = 285) | 23.8 (N = 1251) | 24.4* (N = 188) | 23.8* (N = 1263) |
| CD4<250 cells/mm3 (baseline) | Yes | 89/546= 16.3%* | 288/1210= 23.8%* | 54/316=17.1%* | 300/1315=22.8%* | 31/211=14.7%* | 302/1330=22.7%* |
| Maternal Viral load (baseline) | Mean (log10) | 4.0 (N = 345) | 4.1 (N = 862) | 4.0 (N = 197) | 4.1 (N = 924) | 3.9* (N = 126) | 4.1* (N = 930) |
| Maternal HIV disease stagec | 3 or 4 | 122/549=22.2% | 304/1212=25.1% | 77/317=24.3% | 362/1316=27.5% | 69/212=32.6% | 372/1331=28.0% |
| Infant extended prophylaxis | Yes | 381/549=69.4% | 860/1212=71.0% | 214/317=67.5% | 943/1316=71.7% | 140/212=66.0% | 946/1331=71.1% |
| Infant CTX prophylaxis | Yes | 398/549=72.5%* | 770/1212=63.5%* | 241/317=76.0%* | 853/1316=64.8%* | 168/212=79.3%* | 874/1331=65.7%* |
NOTE. BF, Breastfeeding; BMI, Body Mass index; CTX, Cotrimoxazole; NBF, Not breastfeeding.
Infants who became HIV infected after age 6 months were censored (see Methods): 14 in the BF (3 during 6–9 months; 4 during 9–12 months; 7 during 12–15 months) and 29 in the NBF (BF/NBF) group (9 during 6 9 months; 9 during 9–12 months; 11 during 12–15 months).
A total of 131 women started highly active antiretroviral therapy during follow-up: 60 women during 6–9 months interval; 36 during 9–12 months interval; and 35 during 12–15 months interval.
Maternal HIV disease at the specific visit.
*Statistically significant (P < .05) variables comparing BF vs NBF within each age interval (χ2 test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables).