Table 3.

Association of Breastfeeding With Morbidity: Adjusted Rate Ratios—Multivariable Poisson Regression Models, PEPI-Malawi Study, 2004–09

	Illness/admission		Malnutrition
	RR 95% CI	P Value	RR 95% CI	P Value
6–9 Months
NBF vs BF	1.70 1.37–2.11	<.0001	1.37 1.05–1.79	.02
Infant extended ARV prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	1.04 0.86–1.24	.70	0.81 0.64–1.03	.08
Maternal HIV stage 3 or 4 vs stage 1 or 2	1.18 0.98–1.42	.08	1.35 1.06–1.71	.02
Infant CTX prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	0.56 0.47–0.66	<.0001	0.72 0.58–0.90	<.005
9–12 months
NBF vs BF	1.66 1.28–2.14	.0001	1.34 0.97–1.83	.07
Infant extended ARV prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	1.04 0.86–1.25	.69	0.80 0.63–1.01	.06
Maternal HIV stage 3 or 4 vs stage 1 or 2	1.13 0.94–1.35	.21	1.09 0.85–1.39	.51
Infant CTX prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	0.65 0.55–0.77	<.0001	0.71 0.56–0.89	.003
12–15 months
NBF vs BF	1.75 1.26–2.43	.0008	1.91 1.27–2.89	.002
Infant extended ARV prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	0.86 0.71–1.03	.11	0.89 0.70–1.13	.33
Maternal HIV stage 3 or 4 vs stage 1 or 2	1.27 1.06–1.53	<.01	1.06 0.83–1.35	.65
Infant CTX prophylaxis (Yes vs No)	0.77 0.63–0.92	<.005	1.11 0.89–1.40	.34

NOTE. Excluding infant prophylaxis from this analysis did not change the results; kept in the model to maintain original study design. ARV, Antiretroviral; BF, Breastfeeding; CTX, Cotrimoxazole; NBF, Not breastfeeding; RR, Rate ratio.