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. 2011 Oct 26;6(10):e26457. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026457

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Hennig et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The tasks correspond to complex drum sequences () and rhythmic vocal sounds () (A) and are compared to hand tapping on the drumhead of a drum () (B). The time series analysis reveals Gaussian -noise for the entire data set. The exponents obtained by different methods, maximum likelihood estimation (incl. confidence intervals), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and PSD show overall good agreement. Task indices separated by vertical dashed lines in Fig. 2B are recordings from different test subjects each recorded at two different metronome tempi: BPM (even index) and BPM (odd index). In (C) a DFA analysis for three representative time series is shown, corresponding to drumming a complex pattern where hands and feet are simultaneously involved (top), and tasks taken from (middle) and (bottom curve). The upper two curves are offset vertically for clarity. The curves clearly exhibit a power law scaling and demonstrate LRC in the time series. The total length of the time series is .

Inline graphic — The tasks correspond to complex drum sequences () and rhythmic vocal sounds () (A) and are compared to hand tapping on the drumhead of a drum () (B). The time series analysis reveals Gaussian -noise for the entire data set. The exponents obtained by different methods, maximum likelihood estimation (incl. confidence intervals), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and PSD show overall good agreement. Task indices separated by vertical dashed lines in Fig. 2B are recordings from different test subjects each recorded at two different metronome tempi: BPM (even index) and BPM (odd index). In (C) a DFA analysis for three representative time series is shown, corresponding to drumming a complex pattern where hands and feet are simultaneously involved (top), and tasks taken from (middle) and (bottom curve). The upper two curves are offset vertically for clarity. The curves clearly exhibit a power law scaling and demonstrate LRC in the time series. The total length of the time series is .