Figure 1.

Representative images and characterization of monocyte-derived progenitor cells. A, Light microscopic images of monocyte-derived progenitor cells at 7, 14, and 21 days after initial plating. No cell colony formations were visible at 14 days. Spherical to fibroblastlike phenotype change of monocyte-derived progenitor cells was observed at 21 days. B, Representative flow cytometric staining of low-passage monocyte-derived progenitor cells show stable expressions of CD14, CD45, and CD34 antigens and a lack of CD31 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and CD141 antigen expressions. The cells from patients with and without cardiac allograft vasculopathy showed no phenotypic differences in flow cytometric analyses. C, Flow cytometric staining of high-passage monocyte-derived progenitor cells indicate decreased CD34 and CD14 expressions relative to low-passage monocyte-derived progenitor cells. D, Monocyte-derived progenitor cell–derived osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes stained with alizarin red, alcian blue, and oil red O (left to right). No differences were observed in differentiation capacity of monocyte-derived progenitor cells when patients with and without cardiac allograft vasculopathy were compared. FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate.