. 2007 Feb;83(976):649–657. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047340corr1

Table 5 Summary of recommended treatment regimens* .

Disease pattern	Drug	Dose	Comments†
Visceral leishmaniasis	Pentavalent antimony (as stibogluconate or meglumine antimonate)	20 mg/kg/day IM or IV ×28 days	Some experts advise not to exceed 850 mg daily⁴² Not effective in North Bihar, India
	Liposomal amphotericin BMiltefosine	2 mg/kg/day IV ×5 days2.5 mg/kg/day PO (od or bd) ×28 days	(A)(A)

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis	As with visceral leishmaniasis
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis	Amphotericin B	1 mg/kg IV qod ×20–30 doses	This may be better than antimonials in mucosal disease

Cutaneous leishmaniasis	Observation alone		L major (A) and L mexicana (B)
	Pentavalent antimony (as stibogluconate or meglumine antimonate)	20 mg/kg/day IM or IV ×20 days (×10 days in L major, L tropica and L mexicana)	Some experts advise not to exceed 850 mg daily
	Fluconazole	200 mg PO od	vsL major (A)
	Ketoconazole	600 mg PO od ×28 days	vsL panamensis (A)
	Ketoconazole	600 mg PO od ×28 days	vs L mexicana (A)
	Miltefosine	2.5 mg/kg PO od ×28 days	vsL panamensis (A)
	Pentavalent antimony	Intralesional: 1 ml per lesion qod ×8–15 times	vsL major every 1–2 weeks ×3–8 times (A)
	Pentavalent antimony	Intralesional: 1 ml per lesion qod ×8–15 times	vsL tropica weekly ×8–11 times (D)
	Pentamidine	2–4 mg/kg od or every 2 days IV ×15 doses	vsL panamensis and L braziliensis
	Pentamidine	2–4 mg/kg od or every 2 days IV ×15 doses	vs L guyanensis (C)
	Paromomycin	Topical bd	vsL major ×4 weeks (A)
	Paromomycin	Topical bd	vsL mexicana ×20 days (B)

bd, twice daily; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; od, once daily; PO, orally; qod, every other day.

*Adapted from The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy, 2005 (35th edition), Murray et al¹² and Blum et al.⁵⁶

†Level of evidence, when available, in brackets. Grades of recommendations based on best available evidence: (A) Randomised, controlled trial in representative collective. (B) Randomised, controlled trial in partially representative (small patient number, different species included) collective. Cohort trial or case control study in representative collective. (C) Cohort trial or case–control study in partially representative collective, series of cases in representative collective. (D) Series of cases in partially representative (small patient number, different species included) collective, informal expert opinion, other information.