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. 2011 Jan 3;51(4):441–452. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnq114

Table 2.

Frequency of Support Participants Provide to Grown Children and Parents

Type of support Offspring
Parents
Black (n = 523) White (n = 817) Black (n = 279) White (n = 562)
Listening to talk about daily events 5.20 (2.34) 6.04 (1.79) 5.62 (2.28) 5.66 (1.82)
Emotional support 5.14 (2.37) 5.61 (2.02) 5.47 (2.39) 5.01 (2.07)
Advice 4.85 (2.21) 5.09 (1.76) 4.31 (2.37) 3.93 (1.89)
Socializing 4.06 (2.22) 4.49 (1.66) 4.41 (2.16) 4.09 (1.69)
Instrumental support 3.41 (2.35) 4.01 (2.04) 4.26 (2.48) 3.70 (2.01)
Financial support 3.42 (2.02) 3.99 (2.25) 2.89 (1.96) 1.72 (1.32)
Average total support 4.35 (1.84) 4.87 (1.53) 4.49 (1.83) 4.02 (1.42)

Note: Scale for support rating is 1 = less than once a year or not at all, 2 = once a year, 3 = a few times a year, 4 = monthly, 5 = a few times a month, 6 = weekly, 7 = a few times a week, and 8 = daily.