Table 3.
Predictor variables | Racial differences |
Model with control variables |
Model with resources and demands |
Model with cultural beliefs and rewards |
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B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | |
Intercept | 4.98*** | 0.07 | 5.06*** | 0.13 | 7.75*** | 0.45 | 4.62*** | 0.61 |
Racea | −0.45*** | 0.12 | −0.25* | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
Resources and demands | ||||||||
Participant income | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | ||||
Participant education | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.03 | ||||
Participant health | −0.00 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.05 | ||||
Offspring # of problems | 0.10** | 0.03 | 0.12*** | 0.03 | ||||
Offspring student status | 0.35** | 0.10 | 0.31** | 0.10 | ||||
Offspring age | −0.09*** | 0.01 | −0.08*** | 0.01 | ||||
Cultural beliefs | ||||||||
Obligation to help | 0.31*** | 0.09 | ||||||
Sense of reward from helping | 0.33*** | 0.04 | ||||||
Control variables | ||||||||
Participant genderb | −0.31** | 0.10 | −0.37*** | 0.09 | −0.36*** | 0.09 | ||
Offspring genderb | −0.39*** | 0.07 | −0.41*** | 0.07 | −0.36*** | 0.07 | ||
Participant marital statusc | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.12 | ||
Offspring marital statusc | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.11 | ||
Offspring is stepchild | −1.17*** | 0.12 | −0.99*** | 0.12 | −0.78*** | 0.12 | ||
Offspring coresident | 1.54*** | 0.09 | 1.37*** | 0.09 | 1.38*** | 0.09 | ||
Model fit | ||||||||
−2 Res log likelihood | 4989.3 | 4389.9 | 3749.5 | 3615.3 | ||||
Chi-square test | 599.4*** | 640.4*** | 134.2*** |
1 = Black, 0 = White.
1 = male, 0 = female.
1 = married, 0 = not married.
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.