Table 5.

Lifetime course and treatment-seeking for DD and CMDD

	Dysthymic Disorder N=456(0.9%)	Chronic MDD N=1,377 (3.1%)	DD versus Chronic MDD	DD versus Chronic MDD
	Mean (95%CI)	Mean (95%CI)	T-score	p-value
Age at onset (mean), years	31.46 (29.54–33.38)	31.30 (30.22–32.38)	−0.84	0.41
Mean number of of MDEs (episodes)	5.58 (3.82–7.34)	6.87 (5.70–8.04)	−1.28	0.21
Age at first treatment (mean), years	35.96 (33.50–38.42)	35.43 (34.06–36.80)	1.05	0.30
Duration of longest episode (mean), years	5.35 (4.57–6.12)	6.11 (5.45–6.78)	−1.43	0.16

	% (95%CI)	% (95%CI)	OR (95% CI)	AOR* (95%CI)
Any treatment	57.10 (51.58–62.44)	72.46 (69.28–75.42)	0.65 (0.49–0.85)	0.74 (0.56–0.98)
Treated as outpatient	49.24 (43.93–54.56)	64.73 (61.22–68.08)	0.66 (0.51–0.86)	0.74 (0.57–0.95)
Treated as inpatient (hospitalized)	8.66 (6.30–11.79)	15.68 (13.69–17.91)	0.71 (0.50–0.99)	0.62 (0.42–0.90)
Emergency room admittance	7.30 (5.10–10.34)	12.46 (10.46–14.79)	0.70 (0.46–1.07)	0.62 (0.40–0.97)
Received pharmacological treatment	43.97 (38.58–49.51)	58.75 (55.33–62.10)	0.71 (0.55–0.93)	0.79 (0.60–1.04)

^*adjusted by age, sex, race, nativity, marital status, urban city, family and individual income, region, and insurance