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. 2011 Jul 14;3(7):848–883. doi: 10.3390/toxins3070848

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© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Scheme of heterobifunctional linkers used in conjugate preparations MBS, SPDP, SATA, 2-IT (2-iminothiolane) and linkers with improved hindrance around disulfide linkage. SMPT alpha-alkyl derivatives, SulfoNHS-ATMBA (Sulfosuccinimidyl N-[3-(Acetylthio)-3-methylbutyryl-beta-alanine]), and thioimidates AMPT, M-CDPT.