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The figure shows the interferon-related pathways involving NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1 and TYK2 and and the ways in which these pathways may contribute to lupus susceptibility. In SLE these five genes contribute to increasing the levels of type-I and –II interferons, imbalances in Th1/Th2 related to disease severity, perturbations in B cell physiology and production of a diverse set of auto-antibodies.
