Table 5.
Factors Associated With Persistent Anal Canal Human Papillomavirus Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Women in São Paulo, Cuernavaca, and Tampa in the HPV in Men Study: Multivariable Analysesab
Factor | MSMc | MSWd |
PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
Age, y | ||
18–30 | Ref | Ref |
31–44 | 0.80 (.56–1.14) | 1.37 (.69–2.70) |
45–70 | 0.67 (.26–1.77) | 2.47 (1.28–4.75) |
Cigarette smoking | ||
Never | Ref | Ref |
Former | 1.33 (.71–2.46) | 0.93 (.46–1.86) |
Current | 1.73 (1.19–2.50) | 1.02 (.58–1.77) |
Bold text indicates point estimates and 95% confidence intervals that do not include unity.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MSM, men having sex with men; MSW, men having sex with women; PR, prevalence ratio.
A persistent case was defined as a man with infection at enrollment and the 6-month visit for ≥1 of 37 genotypes. Those with no persistence for any genotype were defined as non-cases.
Only men with prevalent infection were included in analyses.
Only cigarette smoking remained statistically significant in the model. Prevalence ratios for cigarette smoking are adjusted by potential confounders city of residence, age, and lifetime number of male anal sex partners. Age is included only for comparison purposes.
Only age remained statistically significant in the model. Prevalence ratios for age are adjusted by potential confounders city of residence and lifetime number of female sex partners. Cigarette smoking is included only for comparison purposes; its prevalence ratios are adjusted by residence, age, and lifetime number of female sex partners.