Table 1.
Incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transmission Among Initially HPV Type–Discordant Heterosexual Couples, Montreal, Canada, 2005–2010
| Variable | Couples, no. | Discordant HPV types at visit 1, no. | Person-months of observation | Transmitted types, no. | Incidence per 100 person-months (95% CI)a |
| All couples | 179 | 415 | 2393.5 | 87 | 3.68 (3.00-4.51) |
| Male-to-female transmission | 133 | 243 | 1313.7 | 46 | 3.51 (2.73-4.51) |
| Female’s lifetime partners, no. | |||||
| ≤5 | 54 | 92 | 515.2 | 17 | 3.26 (2.31–4.61) |
| >5 | 79 | 151 | 798.5 | 29 | 3.62 (2.62–5.00) |
| Male circumcised | |||||
| Yes | 78 | 145 | 754.9 | 27 | 3.57 (2.56–4.98) |
| No | 55 | 98 | 558.8 | 19 | 3.50 (2.39–5.14) |
| Days since last vaginal sexb | |||||
| >30 | 30 | 58 | 311.7 | 8 | 2.72 (1.34–5.51) |
| 8–30 | 14 | 24 | 124.0 | 2 | 3.03 (3.02–3.03) |
| 2–7 | 72 | 131 | 701.2 | 27 | 4.11 (3.20–5.27) |
| ≤1 | 13 | 21 | 135.4 | 5 | 3.80 (1.64–8.80) |
| Female monogamous | |||||
| Yes | 96 | 165 | 869.9 | 33 | 3.77 (2.90–4.91) |
| No | 37 | 78 | 443.8 | 13 | 2.74 (1.54–4.88) |
| Female HPV status at enrollment | |||||
| No HPV types detected | 24 | 43 | 251.6 | 5 | 1.88 (.90–3.95) |
| Positive for ≥1 typec | 109 | 200 | 1062.1 | 41 | 3.89 (3.00–5.04) |
| Male still positive for type at visit 2 | |||||
| Yes | 116 | 619.9 | 32 | 5.16 (3.86–6.91) | |
| No | 79 | 420.7 | 5 | 1.20 (.51–2.85) | |
| Unknown | 48 | 273.1 | 9 | 3.30 (1.71–6.33) | |
| Female-to-male transmission | 89 | 172 | 1079.8 | 41 | 4.02 (2.95–5.47) |
| Male’s lifetime partners, no. | |||||
| ≤5 | 31 | 49 | 362.1 | 16 | 3.73 (2.57–5.40) |
| >5 | 56 | 119 | 694.7 | 25 | 4.83 (2.88–8.13) |
| Male circumcised | |||||
| Yes | 49 | 103 | 609.4 | 20 | 3.60 (2.30–5.64) |
| No | 40 | 69 | 470.4 | 21 | 4.49 (2.98–6.77) |
| Days since last vaginal sexb | |||||
| >30 | 15 | 47 | 356.5 | 5 | 1.65 (.67–4.10) |
| 8–30 | 11 | 17 | 100.6 | 3 | 3.01 (1.07–8.49) |
| 2–7 | 37 | 60 | 337.1 | 15 | 5.02 (3.16–7.97) |
| ≤1 | 13 | 26 | 154.9 | 12 | 8.15 (5.47–12.13) |
| Male monogamous | |||||
| Yes | 73 | 131 | 796.4 | 33 | 4.40 (3.16–6.12) |
| No | 16 | 41 | 283.4 | 8 | 2.87 (1.36–6.08) |
| Male HPV status at enrollment | |||||
| No HPV types detected | 18 | 36 | 267.8 | 8 | 3.30 (1.58–6.91) |
| Positive for ≥1 typec | 71 | 136 | 812.0 | 33 | 4.25 (3.04–5.95) |
| Female still positive for type at visit 2 | |||||
| Yes | 97 | 552.1 | 32 | 6.22 (4.50–8.59) | |
| No | 63 | 448.8 | 8 | 1.83 (.96–3.52) | |
| Unknown | 12 | 78.9 | 1 | 1.39 (.22–9.00) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to account for multiple observations per couple.
b
Data missing for 17 couples.
c
Nonindex partner was negative for HPV type detected in the index partner but was also positive for ≥1 other HPV type.