Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of bladder cancer cases and controls in northern New England.

Characteristic	Males		Females
	Case n (%) n=911	Control n (%) n=1,039	Case n (%) n=282	Control n (%) n=379
Age
<55	148 (16.3)	170 (16.4)	42 (14.9)	85 (22.4)
55–64	235 (25.8)	252 (24.3)	79 (28.0)	84 (22.2)
65–74	344 (37.8)	409 (39.4)	94 (33.3)	135 (35.6)
75+	184 (20.2)	208 (20.0)	67 (23.8)	75 (19.8)
Race/Ethnicity
White	887 (97.4)	1004 (96.6)	273 (96.8)	367 (96.8)
Hispanic	17 (1.9)	17 (1.6)	6 (2.1)	7 (1.8)
Other	7 (0.8)	18 (1.7)	3 (1.1)	5 (1.3)
State
Maine	456 (50.1)	557 (53.6)	128 (45.4)	183 (42.3)
Vermont	162 (17.8)	175 (16.8)	51 (18.1)	77 (20.3)
New Hampshire	293 (32.2)	307 (29.6)	103 (36.5)	119 (31.4)
Education
No College Degree	675 (74.1)	706 (67.9)	227 (80.5)	280 (73.9)
College Degree	236 (25.9)	333 (32.1)	55 (19.5)	99 (26.2)
Ever used hair dye
No	861 (94.5)	962 (92.6)	107 (37.9)	115 (30.3)
Yes	49 (5.4)	73 (7.0)	159 (56.4)	235 (62.0)
Color, No dye	1 (0.1)	4 (0.4)	16 (5.7)	28 (7.4)
Permanent dye
Yes	18 (2.0)	28 (2.7)	86 (30.5)	123 (32.5)
Exclusive permanent dye
Yes	18 (2.0)	28 (2.7)	72 (25.5)	100 (26.4)
Duration of dye use
Never color	861 (94.5)	962 (92.6)	107 (37.9)	115 (30.3)
<10	35 (3.8)	48 (4.6)	68 (24.1)	87 (23.0)
10–19	8 (0.9)	15 (1.4)	30 (10.6)	69 (18.2)
20–29	4 (0.4)	5 (0.5)	24 (8.5)	38 (10.0)
30+	1 (0.1)	3 (0.3)	35 (12.4)	38 (10.0)
Mean	7.3	7.8	17.1	16.1
Lifetime applications
Never color	861 (94.5)	962 (92.6)	107 (37.9)	115 (30.3)
<50	24 (2.6)	29 (2.8)	50 (17.7)	62 (16.4)
50–99	5 (0.6)	11 (1.1)	24 (8.5)	44 (11.6)
100–199	4 (0.4)	7 (0.7)	25 (8.9)	47 (12.4)
200+	6 (0.7)	6 (0.6)	44 (15.6)	63 (16.6)
Mean	90.2	78.0	176.9	190.9