Table 2.
Univariate analysis of demographic data and anti-hepatitis A virus IgG positivity
| Variables | Anti-HAV IgG n (%) | χ2value | P value | |
| Positive | Negative | |||
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 45.7 ± 13.4 | 35.1 ± 15.8 | ||
| Age less than 30 yr | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 13.473 | 0.0011 |
| Age more than 30 yr | 89 (93.7) | 6 (6.3) | ||
| Race | ||||
| Malay | 84 (87.5) | 12 (12.5) | 0.259 | 0.6111 |
| Non-Malay | 21 (91.3) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 68 (91.9) | 6 (8.1) | 2.521 | 0.1122 |
| Female | 37 (82.2) | 8 (17.8) | ||
| Aetiology of liver disease | ||||
| Hepatitis B | 83 (86.5) | 13 (13.5) | 1.511 | 0.2191 |
| Hepatitis C | 22 (95.7) | 1 (4.3) | ||
| Status of CLD | ||||
| Non cirrhotic | 88 (86.3) | 14 (13.7) | 2.644 | 0.2161 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 17 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Education level | ||||
| No formal education | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | 2.024 | 0.1911 |
| Primary | 12 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.779 | 0.3561 |
| Secondary | 61 (89.7) | 7 (10.3) | 0.331 | 0.5652 |
| Tertiary | 27 (84.4) | 5 (15.6) | 0.628 | 0.5221 |
| Salary category (RM) | ||||
| < 1000 | 48 (84.2) | 9 (15.8) | 1.707 | 0.2572 |
| 1001-2000 | 31 (88.6) | 4 (11.4) | 0.005 | 1.0001 |
| 2001-3000 | 14 (93.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0.43 | 1.0001 |
| > 3000 | 12 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.779 | 0.3561 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 21 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 3.4 | 0.1271 |
| Hypertension | 19 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3.015 | 0.1221 |
| Ischaemic heart | 6 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.842 | 1.0001 |
1
Fisher’s exact test;
2
Pearson χ2 Test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant at the 95% confidence level. HAV: Hepatitis A virus; CLD: Chronic liver disease.