Table IV.
Covariate-adjusted estimates of strength of association between selected covariates and cumulative occurrence of drug use
| Alcohol
|
Tobacco
|
Cannabis
|
Other drugs (e.g. cocaine)
|
Extra-medical
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||||||
| 18 – 29 | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| 30 – 39 | 1.0 | 0.8 – 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 – 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 – 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.6 – 2.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.4 |
| 40 – 49 | 1.1 | 0.9 – 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 – 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 – 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 – 1.0 |
| ≥50 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 – 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 – 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 – 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 – 1.1 |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Female | 0.2 | 0.2 – 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 – 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 – 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 – 1.2 |
| Race | ||||||||||
| Black | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| White | 2.8 | 1.9 – 4.1 | 5.1 | 3.7 – 7.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 – 3.9 | 2.9 | 1.2 – 7.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 – 1.4 |
| Coloured | 3.9 | 2.0 – 7.5 | 5.3 | 3.0 – 9.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 – 3.2 | 8.4 | 2.6 – 26.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 – 2.2 |
| Indian/Asian | 1.0 | 0.6 – 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.6 – 4.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 – 1.2 | - | - | 0.5 | 0.3 – 1.0 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| None | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Grade 1 – 7 | 0.9 | 0.7 – 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 – 2.2 | - | - | 1.1 | 0.7 – 1.9 |
| Grade 8 – 11 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 – 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.6 – 3.0 | 2.5 | 0.9 – 6.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 – 1.9 |
| Matric | 0.8 | 0.5 – 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 – 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 – 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.6 – 6.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 – 2.1 |
| Matric+ | 0.6 | 0.4 – 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 – 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 – 3.6 | 2.3 | 0.7 – 7.5 | 1.2 | 0.6 – 2.3 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Currently married | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Previously married | 1.5 | 1.0 – 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 – 2.9 | 1.7 | 0.8 – 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.9 – 13.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 – 1.7 |
| Never married | 1.1 | 0.9 – 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.6 – 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.1 |
| Employment | ||||||||||
| Unemployed | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Employed | 1.3 | 1.0 – 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 – 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 – 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 – 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 – 1.5 |
| Income | ||||||||||
| None | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Low | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 – 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 – 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 – 2.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 – 1.7 |
| Low average | 1.2 | 0.9 – 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 – 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 – 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 – 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.4 |
| High average | 1.0 | 0.7 – 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.9 – 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.6 – 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 – 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 – 1.6 |
| High | 0.9 | 0.7 – 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.8 – 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 – 1.6 | 0.2* | 0.1 – 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 – 1.7 |
| Urban/rural residence | ||||||||||
| Rural | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Urban | 1.1 | 0.9 – 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 – 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 – 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.0 – 4.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 – 1.7 |
| Asset index | ||||||||||
| Low | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - |
| Average | 1.4 | 1.1 – 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 – 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 – 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.4 – 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 – 1.6 |
| High | 1.2 | 0.8 – 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 – 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 – 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 – 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 – 1.5 |
*
p<0.05.