Table I.
Demographic correlates of stress (N=3 957)
| N | Global life events ≥3 | Relationship events ≥1 | Domestic violence
|
Social strain (a lot/some) | Early life stresses
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perpetrator (ever) | Victim (ever) | Social ≥1 | Economic ≥1 | |||||
| Total | ||||||||
| N | 3 957 | 991 | 848 | 666 | 651 | 1 572 | 1 111 | 819 |
| % | 25.9 | 21.8 | 15.8 | 15.3 | 38.4 | 28.3 | 21.3 | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1 586 | 26.9 (1.8) | 23.2 (1.8) | 14.4 (1.4) | 11.2 (0.9) | 38.7 (2.1) | 28.5 (1.3) | 20.9 (1.4) |
| Female | 2 371 | 25.1 (1.1) | 20.6 (1.2) | 17.0 (1.0) | 19.0 (1.1) | 38.2 (1.4) | 28.1 (1.2) | 21.7 (1.2) |
| χ2 (p) | 1.0 (0.326) | 1.9 (0.175) | 2.7 (0.108) | 31.7 (0.000) | 0.1 (0.795) | 0.0 (0.824) | 0.2 (0.621) | |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 3 007 | 29.5 (1.4) | 22.1 (1.3) | 15.0 (0.9) | 15.4 (0.8) | 40.9 (1.7) | 30.0 (1.1) | 24.0 (1.1) |
| Coloured | 525 | 14.8 (2.5) | 18.1 (2.8) | 18.9 (2.0) | 18.4 (2.0) | 26.9 (1.6) | 29.5 (3.0) | 10.8 (1.8) |
| White | 279 | 11.8 (2.4) | 25.8 (5.4) | 16.3 (3.5) | 9.1 (2.9) | 31.4 (5.1) | 14.6 (3.7) | 12.3 (3.4) |
| Indian | 146 | 21.8 (6.5) | 15.4 (2.4) | 23.9 (4.7) | 23.0 (4.0) | 37.7 (6.5) | 25.7 (3.1) | 19.6 (4.9) |
| χ2 (p) | 33.6 (0.000) | 7.1 (0.079) | 5.5 (0.153) | 16.3 (0.002) | 39.4 (0.000) | 9.8 (0.027) | 29.6 (0.000) | |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||||
| 18 – 34 | 2 005 | 28.4 (1.4) | 24.7 (1.5) | 10.1 (0.9) | 10.0 (0.8) | 38.0 (1.6) | 33.5 (1.3) | 21.6 (1.1) |
| 35 – 49 | 1 159 | 24.4 (2.0) | 21.6 (1.7) | 20.7 (1.6) | 21.4 (1.6) | 38.3 (1.5) | 23.7 (1.5) | 20.3 (1.6) |
| 50 – 64 | 577 | 21.1 (1.6) | 14.8 (1.7) | 23.2 (2.0) | 20.2 (2.2) | 40.1 (3.2) | 21.6 (2.5) | 20.9 (1.9) |
| ≥65 | 216 | 24.8 (3.8) | 14.9 (3.3) | 23.5 (3.3) | 20.2 (2.8) | 37.5 (3.9) | 22.8 (4.2) | 25.4 (3.9) |
| χ2 (p) | 18.2 (0.001) | 37.2 (0.000) | 65.4 (0.000) | 64.5 (0.000) | 0.6 (0.907) | 25.2 (0.000) | 1.9 (0.596) | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Unmarried | 2 033 | 27.3 (1.6) | 23.5 (1.4) | 5.6 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.7) | 38.0 (1.7) | 32.6 (1.3) | 21.7 (1.2) |
| Married | 1 924 | 24.5 (1.5) | 20.0 (1.3) | 26.2 (1.6) | 25.5 (1.2) | 38.8 (1.9) | 24.0 (1.3) | 21.0 (1.3) |
| χ2 (p) | 2.1 (0.155) | 7.0 (0.010) | 156 (0.000) | 263 (0.000) | 0.1 (0.730) | 22.9 (0.000) | 0.2 (0.662) | |
| Education | ||||||||
| None | 301 | 23.0 (2.4) | 14.1 (2.1) | 25.1 (3.1) | 24.5 (3.3) | 36.5 (4.0) | 25.7 (2.7) | 25.6 (2.9) |
| Grade 1 – 7 | 809 | 27.6 (2.3) | 19.8 (1.6) | 21.7 (1.5) | 22.8 (1.4) | 41.6 (2.3) | 30.1 (1.6) | 26.1 (2.4) |
| Grade 8 – 11 | 1 359 | 27.9 (1.8) | 22.0 (1.6) | 15.8 (1.3) | 15.5 (1.1) | 38.6 (2.3) | 28.4 (1.6) | 21.7 (1.4) |
| Grade 12 | 883 | 27.5 (1.7) | 24.0 (2.2) | 11.3 (1.3) | 9.6 (1.3) | 37.0 (2.3) | 28.9 (1.9) | 17.8 (1.8) |
| Grade 13+ | 605 | 18.6 (2.0) | 23.7 (3.4) | 11.6 (1.5) | 10.7 (1.3) | 37.1 (2.4) | 26.2 (2.6) | 18.2 (2.0) |
| χ2 (p) | 26.6 (0.000) | 14.2 (0.012) | 45.8 (0.000) | 58.2 (0.000) | 4.1 (0.400) | 2.9 (0.574) | 18.6 (0.002) | |
| Income (R) | ||||||||
| 0 | 572 | 30.8 (2.3) | 19.1 (2.4) | 16.7 (1.8) | 17.3 (2.1) | 35.8 (2.5) | 29.5 (2.8) | 27.4 (2.3) |
| 1 – 1 500 | 916 | 29.2 (1.8) | 23.8 (1.9) | 17.7 (1.5) | 19.3 (1.6) | 43.1 (2.0) | 31.4 (1.6) | 26.2 (1.8) |
| 1 501 – 16 500 | 857 | 27.4 (2.4) | 21.6 (1.7) | 17.4 (1.6) | 15.6 (1.7) | 40.5 (2.5) | 25.5 (2.2) | 19.9 (1.6) |
| 16 501 – 97 500 | 833 | 22.4 (2.2) | 24.2 (2.1) | 15.4 (1.6) | 13.9 (1.5) | 36.6 (2.2) | 28.5 (2.4) | 15.6 (1.4) |
| ≥97 501 | 779 | 21.6 (2.3) | 19.2 (2.2) | 12.3 (1.5) | 11.2 (1.8) | 35.1 (2.3) | 26.9 (2.1) | 19.6 (1.3) |
| χ2 (p) | 16.3 (0.005) | 6.7 (0.169) | 11.2 (0.033) | 12.3 (0.022) | 10.9 (0.037) | 6.1 (0.208) | 36.3 (0.000) | |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 2 743 | 28.9 (1.3) | 20.2 (1.2) | 13.9 (0.6) | 14.1 (0.7) | 37.7 (1.6) | 29.5 (1.2) | 23.0 (1.1) |
| Employed | 1 214 | 19.5 (1.8) | 25.3 (2.0) | 19.9 (2.2) | 18.0 (1.8) | 39.9 (2.1) | 25.7 (1.5) | 17.7 (1.1) |
| χ2 (p) | 22.5 (0.000) | 6.5 (0.014) | 7.7 (0.007) | 4.4 (0.040) | 1.2 (0.273) | 3.8 (0.057) | 16.8 (0.000) | |
| Location | ||||||||
| Rural | 1 657 | 26.9 (1.8) | 21.1 (1.6) | 17.5 (1.2) | 17.0 (1.1) | 41.1 (1.5) | 26.5 (1.7) | 26.3 (1.8) |
| Urban | 2 300 | 25.3 (1.5) | 22.2 1.7) | 14.8 (1.2) | 14.3 (1.0) | 36.7 (2.1) | 29.4 (1.2) | 18.2 (1.1) |
| χ2 (p) | 0.4 (0.511) | 0.2 (0.642) | 2.8 (0.102) | 3.3 (0.075) | 2.9 (0.095) | 1.9 (0.173) | 14.1 (0.000) | |
Values are percentages with standard errors in parentheses.