Fig. 1.
CXCL12 treatment decreases metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells. (A) CXCL12WT or CXCL12H25R or 100 μM CXCL122 chemokines were administered biweekly in a 200 μL volume at 50 μM starting 1 week after orthotopic engraftment of HCT116 cells. Statistical significance was determined by Mantel–Cox test. *, P ≤ 0.05. (B) Hepatic tumor formation was visualized in H&E stained liver (4× magnification) and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging after 5 weeks of treatment. (C) Tumor growth was slower in HCT-CXCL12 Luc expressing cells relative to cells treated with CXCL12 variants. Data are radiance units normalized to the week 0 (T0) values. (D) Primary tumor size and (E) level of hepatic metastasis was quantified (RLU) using ex vivo imaging 6 weeks after implantation. Data in C–E are mean ± SEM, n = 5–7 mice. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posttest. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.