FIGURE 3:

Visual screen uncovers three regulators of autophagy that are selectively required for NNS-induced autophagy. Cells were cultured in YPL to log phase before switch to nitrogen-starvation medium (SD-N) or non-starvation medium (SL). Seven to nine hours following medium switch, general autophagy or mitophagy was measured by the ALP activity assay. Data represent averages of three to five samples with error bars for standard deviations. (A and B) NNS-induced general autophagy and mitophagy were strongly inhibited in Δiml1, Δnpr2, and Δnpr3 cells. Deletion of IML1, NPR2, or NPR3, however, had minimal to no effect on nitrogen-starvation-induced autophagy. Δatg5 and Δatg32 mutants were used as positive controls.