Table 1.
Anthropometric and clinical measurements of study participants at baseline and 12 wk for each treatment group1
| Dairy (n = 22 ) | Calcium (n = 16) | Placebo (n = 23) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Baseline | 12 wk | Baseline | 12 wk | Baseline | 12 wk |
| Age (y) | 25.1 ± 5.3 | 25.2 ± 4.9 | 24.2 ± 4.7 | |||
| Sex, No.(%) | ||||||
| Female | 18 (82) | 14 (88) | 18 (78) | |||
| Male | 4 (18) | 2 (13) | 5 (22) | |||
| Height (cm) | 166.9 ± 6.0 | 164.6 ± 9.0 | 166.1 ± 7.6 | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L) 2,3 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.4 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) 2 | 42.5 ± 28.5 | 33.5 ± 29.0** | 41.8 ± 26.2 | 35.1 ± 21.1** | 35.7 ± 14.7 | 29.9 ± 10.3** |
| HOMA-IR2,3 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.9** | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.8** | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.3** |
| Weight (kg)2 | 79.1 ± 12.1 | 74.8 ± 10.4** | 79.2 ± 12.6 | 75.8 ± 10.6** | 79.7 ± 11.7 | 76.5 ± 11.2** |
| BMI2 | 28. 3 ± 3.0 | 26.7 ± 2.5** | 29.1 ± 2.7 | 28.1 ± 2.6** | 28.8 ± 2.7 | 27.7 ± 2.8** |
| LM (%)2 | 54.5 ± 5.9 | 57.9 ± 6.6** | 58.3 ± 6.6 | 58.7 ± 7.0** | 55.0 ± 5.9 | 56.9 ± 5.9** |
| BF (%)2 | 41.2 ± 5.7 | 37.7 ± 6.5** | 37.6 ± 6.2 | 36.0 ± 6.7** | 40.9 ± 5.2 | 38.8 ± 5.2** |
| WC (cm)2,3 | 88.9 ± 9.6 | 81.1 ± 8.6** | 88.1 ± 9.2 | 83.3 ± 7.5** | 87.4 ± 11.8 | 82.6 ± 11.3** |
1Data are means ± SD; n = 61 unless otherwise indicated. WC, waist circumference; LM, lean mass. There were no significant differences in baseline anthropometrics or plasma metabolites among treatment groups (ANOVA).
2Repeated Measures ANOVA to test the effect of time; confirmed with paired sample t-test for significant differences between baseline and 12 wk, *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, There was no significant effect of time or time x treatment interaction.
3n = 59.