Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1984 Dec 11;12(23):8873–8885. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.23.8873

Activation of a human c-K-ras oncogene.

F Yamamoto, M Perucho
PMCID: PMC320425  PMID: 6096811

Abstract

The human lung carcinomas PR310 and PR371 contain activated c-K-ras oncogenes. The oncogene of PR371 was found to present a mutation at codon 12 of the first coding exon which substitutes cysteine for glycine in the encoded p21 protein. We report here that the transforming gene of PR310 tumor contains a mutation in the second coding exon. An A----T transversion at codon 61 results in the incorporation of histidine instead of glutamine in the c-K-ras gene product. By constructing c-K-ras/c-H-ras chimeric genes we show that this point mutation is sufficient to confer transforming potential to ras genes, and that a hybrid ras gene coding for a protein mutant at both codons 12 and 61 is also capable of transforming NIH3T3 cells. The relative transforming potency of p21 proteins encoded by ras genes mutant at codons 12, 61 or both has been analyzed. Our studies also show that the coding exons of ras genes, including the fourth, can be interchanged and the chimeric p21 ras proteins retain their oncogenic ability in normal rodent established cell lines.

Full text

PDF
8885

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Capon D. J., Seeburg P. H., McGrath J. P., Hayflick J. S., Edman U., Levinson A. D., Goeddel D. V. Activation of Ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):507–513. doi: 10.1038/304507a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chang E. H., Furth M. E., Scolnick E. M., Lowy D. R. Tumorigenic transformation of mammalian cells induced by a normal human gene homologous to the oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus. Nature. 1982 Jun 10;297(5866):479–483. doi: 10.1038/297479a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Der C. J., Krontiris T. G., Cooper G. M. Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3637–3640. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.11.3637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ellis R. W., Defeo D., Shih T. Y., Gonda M. A., Young H. A., Tsuchida N., Lowy D. R., Scolnick E. M. The p21 src genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses originate from divergent members of a family of normal vertebrate genes. Nature. 1981 Aug 6;292(5823):506–511. doi: 10.1038/292506a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Eva A., Tronick S. R., Gol R. A., Pierce J. H., Aaronson S. A. Transforming genes of human hematopoietic tumors: frequent detection of ras-related oncogenes whose activation appears to be independent of tumor phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(16):4926–4930. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.16.4926. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fasano O., Aldrich T., Tamanoi F., Taparowsky E., Furth M., Wigler M. Analysis of the transforming potential of the human H-ras gene by random mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4008–4012. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Cellular oncogenes and multistep carcinogenesis. Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):771–778. doi: 10.1126/science.6356358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. McCoy M. S., Toole J. J., Cunningham J. M., Chang E. H., Lowy D. R., Weinberg R. A. Characterization of a human colon/lung carcinoma oncogene. Nature. 1983 Mar 3;302(5903):79–81. doi: 10.1038/302079a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. McGrath J. P., Capon D. J., Smith D. H., Chen E. Y., Seeburg P. H., Goeddel D. V., Levinson A. D. Structure and organization of the human Ki-ras proto-oncogene and a related processed pseudogene. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):501–506. doi: 10.1038/304501a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mulligan R. C., Berg P. Expression of a bacterial gene in mammalian cells. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1422–1427. doi: 10.1126/science.6251549. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nakano H., Yamamoto F., Neville C., Evans D., Mizuno T., Perucho M. Isolation of transforming sequences of two human lung carcinomas: structural and functional analysis of the activated c-K-ras oncogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):71–75. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.71. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Papageorge A., Lowy D., Scolnick E. M. Comparative biochemical properties of p21 ras molecules coded for by viral and cellular ras genes. J Virol. 1982 Nov;44(2):509–519. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.2.509-519.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Perucho M., Goldfarb M., Shimizu K., Lama C., Fogh J., Wigler M. Human-tumor-derived cell lines contain common and different transforming genes. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(3 Pt 2):467–476. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90388-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Perucho M., Hanahan D., Lipsich L., Wigler M. Isolation of the chicken thymidine kinase gene by plasmid rescue. Nature. 1980 May 22;285(5762):207–210. doi: 10.1038/285207a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Pulciani S., Santos E., Lauver A. V., Long L. K., Aaronson S. A., Barbacid M. Oncogenes in solid human tumours. Nature. 1982 Dec 9;300(5892):539–542. doi: 10.1038/300539a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Reddy E. P., Reynolds R. K., Santos E., Barbacid M. A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):149–152. doi: 10.1038/300149a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Santos E., Martin-Zanca D., Reddy E. P., Pierotti M. A., Della Porta G., Barbacid M. Malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in lung carcinoma but not in normal tissue of the same patient. Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):661–664. doi: 10.1126/science.6695174. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shimizu K., Birnbaum D., Ruley M. A., Fasano O., Suard Y., Edlund L., Taparowsky E., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. Nature. 1983 Aug 11;304(5926):497–500. doi: 10.1038/304497a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shimizu K., Goldfarb M., Suard Y., Perucho M., Li Y., Kamata T., Feramisco J., Stavnezer E., Fogh J., Wigler M. H. Three human transforming genes are related to the viral ras oncogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(8):2112–2116. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.8.2112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tabin C. J., Bradley S. M., Bargmann C. I., Weinberg R. A., Papageorge A. G., Scolnick E. M., Dhar R., Lowy D. R., Chang E. H. Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene. Nature. 1982 Nov 11;300(5888):143–149. doi: 10.1038/300143a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Taparowsky E., Shimizu K., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Structure and activation of the human N-ras gene. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):581–586. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90390-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Taparowsky E., Suard Y., Fasano O., Shimizu K., Goldfarb M., Wigler M. Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change. Nature. 1982 Dec 23;300(5894):762–765. doi: 10.1038/300762a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yuasa Y., Srivastava S. K., Dunn C. Y., Rhim J. S., Reddy E. P., Aaronson S. A. Acquisition of transforming properties by alternative point mutations within c-bas/has human proto-oncogene. Nature. 1983 Jun 30;303(5920):775–779. doi: 10.1038/303775a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES