Table 4.
Lipid and glucose outcomes as a function of fatty kidney status.* Increments in each outcome associated with the presence of fatty kidney (standard errors shown in parentheses) is presented for continuous outcomes. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing those with fatty kidney to those without fatty kidney are presented for dichotomous outcomes.
| Model outcomes of interest | Age and sex | Multivariable† | Multivariable + BMI | Multivariable + VAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous outcomes | ||||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | −4.16 (0.67) p<0.0001 |
−4.14 (0.66) p<0.0001 |
−1.10 (0.67) p=0.10 |
1.07 (0.68) p=0.12 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), log transformed | 0.20 (0.02) p<0.0001 |
0.20 (0.02) p<0.0001 |
0.10 (0.02) p<0.0001 |
0.01 (0.02) p=0.71 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 5.66 (0.90) p<0.0001 |
‡ | 1.99 (0.92) p=0.03 |
−0.07 (0.96) p=0.94 |
| Dichotomous outcomes | ||||
| Low HDL-Cholesterol | 1.39 (1.15 – 1.69) p=0.0009 |
1.41 (1.15 – 1.72) p=0.0008 |
0.99 (0.80 – 1.23) p=0.93 |
0.74 (0.59 – 0.93) p=0.009 |
| High Triglycerides | 1.89 (1.58 – 2.26) p<0.0001 |
1.88 (1.58 – 2.25) p<0.0001 |
1·38 – (1.14 1.66) p=0.001 |
1.04 (0.85 – 1.28) p=0.69 |
| Diabetes | 2.26 (1.66 – 3.09) p<0.0001 |
‡ | 1.42 (1.02 – 1.97) p=0.04 |
1.09 (0.77 – 1.55) p=0.62 |
Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; HDL=high density lipoprotein; VAT=abdominal visceral adipose tissue volume.
Sex-specific cut points for fatty kidney: ≥ 0.71 cm2 in men; ≥ 0.445 cm2 in women.
Multivariable models are adjusted for age and sex as well as covariates as listed below:
HDL Cholesterol, log(Triglycerides), low HDL cholesterol: Current smoking status, high alcohol intake, current use of lipid lowering medication
High Triglycerides: Current smoking status
Models of fasting blood glucose and diabetes were not adjusted beyond age and sex before further adjustment for BMI or VAT