Table 2:

Antihypertensive medication use and change in kidney function in the Cardiovascular Health Study (1989 – 1997, U.S.)

	Annual Change in eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) (mean decrease = 2.41 mL/min/1.73m2)
	None	Antihypertensive Medication Use*
		Estimate	95% CI	p-value
Unadjusted	Referent	0.31	−0.26, 0.88	p = 0.30
Traditional Multivariable Regression†	Referent	0.14	−0.34, 0.63	p = 0.57
IPTW Alone †	Referent	0.41	−0.20, 1.02	p = 0.19
IPTW-reduced Targeted MLE†	Referent	0.88	0.13, 1.63	p = 0.02
IPTW/IPCW †,‡	Referent	1.38	−0.48, 3.24	p = 0.15
IPTW/IPCW-reduced Targeted MLE†,‡	Referent	2.23	−0.13, 4.59	p = 0.06

^*Note all coefficients represent the mean annual change in kidney function associated with antihypertensive medication use compared with the mean annual change for someone on no medications

^†Potential confounders included age, gender, race, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, eGFR-creatinine, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, frailty, cognitive function, disability, fracture, and cancer.

^‡Potential predictors of censoring included cystatin C, antihypertensives, age, gender, race, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, frailty, cognitive function, disability, fracture, and cancer.