Table 1.
Sample characteristics (N = 3050).
| Variable | N (%) | Mean (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 44.9 (15.9) | 17-96 | ||
| Male | 1332 (43.7) | |||
| Level of education | no education and primary school | 332 (10.9) | ||
| lower vocational/intermediate secondary school | 712 (23.3) | |||
| intermediate vocational/higher secondary school | 579 (19.0) | |||
| higher vocational school/university | 1427 (46.8) | |||
| Non-Western background | 389 (12.8) | |||
| Chronic diseasesa | Cardiovascular disease | 460 (15.1) | ||
| Musculoskeletal disorder | 775 (25.4) | |||
| Diabetes | 185 (6.1) | |||
| Lung diseases | 268 (8.8) | |||
| Cancer | 56 (1.8) | |||
| Stressors | Financial stress | 1.6 (0.5) | 1-3 | |
| Perceived health status | 1.8 (0.5) | 1-3 | ||
| Psychological distress | 1.3 (0.3) | 1-3 | ||
| Resources | Perceived life control | 2.5 (0.4) | 1-3 | |
| Social support | 2.7 (0.4) | 1-3 | ||
| Social cohesion | 2.3 (0.4) | 1-3 | ||
| Health behaviours | Exercise (minutes per week) | 107.8(156.6) | 0-750 | |
| Vegetable consumption (daily no. of serving spoons) | 3.6 (1.9) | 0-12 | ||
| Breakfast frequency (per week) | 5.9 (2.1) | 0-7 | ||
| Smoking (cigarettes/cigars per day) | 3.0 (6.8) | 0-30 |
a number of respondents indicating that they currently suffered, or had suffered during the last twelve months, the disease.