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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug 18;22(11):443–449. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.07.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

GnRH neurons are inhibited by both low glucose and AICAR. (a). Plot of firing rate (binned in 60-second intervals) of a GnRH neuron from an ovariectomized mouse in response to a reduction from 4.5 mM to 0.2 mM glucose. Shaded region indicates time of low glucose exposure. Low glucose slowly inhibits the firing rate; this effect is not immediately reversed upon restoration of 4.5 mM glucose. The decrease at the return to high glucose in this example was typical of many GnRH neurons; this observation was found to be a coincidental aspect of the temporal nature of the response to low glucose, rather than a further suppression by restoration to normal glucose. (b). AICAR, which activates AMPK, inhibits GnRH neuron firing in 4.5 mM glucose. (c, d). Whole-cell, current-clamp recordings demonstrating low glucose (c) and AICAR (d) suppression of GnRH neuron action potential firing rate. mV, millivolts. Adapted from reference 43 with permission.