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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 6;82(11):1771–1780. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.023

Fig. 3. Metformin suppresses Cyp3a11 mRNA expression and activity (LORR) in the liver and intestine of Pxr wild-type, but not Pxr−/− knockout mice.

Fig. 3

Pxr wild-type (n=8) (A, C, D) and Pxr−/− knockout (B, E) mice (n=6) were injected with vehicle, PCN (150 and 100 mg/kg/day), metformin (MET; 150 and 100 mg/kg/day, see Methods) or their combination for four days. Mice were then assessed in the LORR assay, after which they were sacrificed and liver and intestinal samples were collected for mRNA isolation. The effects of the tested compounds on Cyp3a11 mRNA levels normalized to the mRNA levels of the Hprt1 housekeeping gene are presented as relative mRNA expression compared to control vehicle-treated cells (set to 1). The duration of righting after sleep onset (LORR) was measured in minutes and recorded by two investigators as described. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 indicate a statistically significant result compared to vehicle-treated animals; ƒp<0.05 indicates a statistically significant result compared to PCN-treated animals (Student's unpaired t-test).