Table 2.
Number (%) of schoolchildren infected with helminths and intestinal protozoa in western Tajikistan, early 2009
| Parasite | Overall (n = 594) | Boys (n = 307) | Girls (n = 287) | χ2 | P-value | School no. 1 (n = 64) |
School no. 2 (n = 59) |
School no. 3 (n = 59) |
School no. 4 (n = 62) |
School no. 5 (n = 50) |
School no. 6 (n = 54) |
School no. 7 (n = 67) |
School no. 8 (n = 68) |
School no. 9 (n = 60) |
School no. 10 (n = 51) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helminth | |||||||||||||||
| Hymenolepis nanaa, b | 153 (25.8) | 74 (24.1) | 79 (27.5) | 0.91 | 0.341 | 11 (17.2) | 19 (32.2) | 17 (28.8) | 13 (21.0) | 19 (38.0) | 11 (20.4) | 23 (34.3) | 23 (33.8) | 6 (10.0) | 11(21.6) |
| Ascaris lumbricoidesa, b | 26 (4.4) | 16 (5.2) | 10 (3.5) | NA | 0.323 | 3 (4.7) | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 8 (16.0) | 4 (7.4) | 4 (6.0) | 4 (5.9) | 0 | 2 (3.9) |
| Hookworma, b | 21 (3.5) | 10 (3.3) | 11 (3.8) | NA | 0.825 | 0 | 4 (6.8) | 0 | 0 | 5 (10.0) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (4.5) | 2 (2.9) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (2.0) |
| Enterobius vermicularisa, b | 15 (2.5) | 4 (1.3) | 11 (3.8) | NA | 0.066 | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.7) | 6 (10.2) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (4.0) | 0 | 2 (3.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Trichuris trichiuraa, b | 8 (1.4) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (2.1) | NA | 0.164 | 0 | 5 (8.5) | 0 | 0 | 3 (6.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fasciola hepaticaa, b | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | NA | 0.999 | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hymenolepis diminutaa | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | NA | 0.999 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0 |
| Dicrocoelium dendriticuma | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | NA | 0.483 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0 |
| Any helminth | 190 (32.0) | 91 (29.6) | 99 (34.5) | 1.61 | 0.205 | 15 (23.4) | 21 (35.6) | 22 (37.3) | 13 (21.0) | 27 (54.0) | 14 (25.9) | 29 (43.3) | 26 (38.2) | 11 (18.3) | 12 (23.5) |
| Any soil-transmitted helminth | 51 (8.6) | 27 (8.8) | 24 (0.4) | NA | 0.851 | 3 (4.7) | 9 (15.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 13 (26.0) | 5 (9.3) | 7 (10.5) | 6 (8.8) | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5.9) |
| Intestinal protozoon | |||||||||||||||
| Entamoeba colic | 390 (65.7) | 196 (63.8) | 194 (67.6) | 0.93 | 0.336 | 41 (64.1) | 36 (61.0) | 47 (79.7) | 42 (67.7) | 36 (72.0) | 38 (70.4) | 47 (70.2) | 41 (62.3) | 31 (51.7) | 31 (60.8) |
| Giardia intestinalisa | 157 (26.4) | 82 (26.7) | 75 (26.1) | 0.03 | 0.873 | 7 (10.9) | 24 (40.7) | 16 (27.1) | 17 (27.4) | 12 (24.0) | 12 (22.2) | 22 (32.8) | 16 (23.5) | 18 (30.0) | 13 (25.5) |
| Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispara | 154 (25.9) | 82 (26.7) | 72 (25.1) | 0.20 | 0.652 | 19 (29.7) | 13 (22.0) | 16 (27.1) | 11 (17.7) | 19 (38.0) | 14 (25.9) | 21 (31.3) | 20 (29.4) | 10 (16.7) | 11 (21.6) |
| Blastocystis hominisd | 118 (19.9) | 63 (20.5) | 55 (19.2) | 0.17 | 0.679 | 12 (18.8) | 11 (18.6) | 13 (22.0) | 11 (17.7) | 9 (18.0) | 8 (14.8) | 15 (22.4) | 17 (25.0) | 13 (21.7) | 9 (17.7) |
| Endolimax nanac | 118 (19.9) | 61 (19.9) | 57 (19.9) | 0.00 | 0.998 | 13 (20.3) | 11 (18.6) | 18 (30.5) | 7 (11.3) | 9 (18.0) | 7 (13.0) | 19 (28.4) | 17 (25.0) | 8 (13.3) | 9 (17.7) |
| Iodamoeba bütschliic | 29 (4.9) | 13 (4.2) | 16 (5.6) | NA | 0.455 | 4 (6.3) | 0 | 6 (10.1) | 0 | 4 (8.0) | 6 (11.1) | 4 (6.0) | 3 (4.4) | 0 | 2 (3.9) |
| Entamoeba hartmannic | 28 (4.7) | 14 (4.6) | 14 (4.9) | NA | 0.855 | 4 (6.3) | 3 (5.1) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (6.5) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (4.5) | 3 (4.4) | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.9) |
| Chilomastix mesnilic | 25 (4.2) | 15 (4.9) | 10 (3.5) | NA | 0.677 | 2 (3.1) | 3 (5.1) | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 0 | 8 (14.8) | 4 (6.0) | 5 (7.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 |
| Any intestinal protozoa | 497 (83.7) | 255 (83.1) | 242 (84.3) | 0.17 | 0.678 | 53 (82.8) | 53 (89.8) | 54 (91.5) | 50 (80.7) | 44 (88.0) | 46 (85.2) | 60 (89.6) | 56 (82.4) | 42 (70.0) | 39 (76.5) |
| Any pathogenic intestinal protozoa | 280 (47.1) | 148 (48.2) | 132 (46.0) | 0.29 | 0.589 | 25 (39.1) | 33 (55.9) | 29 (58.0) | 26 (41.9) | 29 (58.0) | 22 (40.7) | 36 (53.7) | 33 (48.5) | 26 (43.3) | 21 (41.2) |
| Overall infection prevalence with pathogenic intestinal parasites | 375 (63.1) | 195 (63.5) | 180 (62.7) | 0.04 | 0.840 | 34 (53.1) | 42 (71.2) | 40 (67.8) | 35 (56.5) | 38 (76.0) | 29 (53.7) | 48 (71.6) | 46 (67.7) | 34 (56.7) | 29 (56.9) |
a Pathogenic
b Pooled results from duplicate Kato-Katz thick smear readings and ether-concentration test results
c Non-pathogenic
d Suspected pathogenic
NA P-value based on Fisher's exact test