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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Bull. 2011 Nov;137(6):1029–1064. doi: 10.1037/a0025410

Table 3.

Weighted Means and Mean Effect Sizes on Social Dominance Orientation for Gender and Arbitrary-Set Groups.

All arbitrary-set groups Non-racial groupsa Gender or racial/ethnic groups
All U.S. studies Non-U.S. studies
Gender Comparison
k of studies 169 84 85
 Observed range (min, max) −0.42, 1.70 0.00, 1.70 −0.42, 1.11
 Mean d+ (95% CI) 0.43 (0.39, 0.47) 0.51 (0.46, 0.57) 0.36 (0.30, 0.41)
 Homogeneity I2 (95% CI) 65.74 (59.74, 70.84) 58.01 (46.53, 67.03) 60.83 (50.40, 69.06)
Arbitrary Group Comparison
k of studies 80 24 56 37 19
 Observed range (min, max) −0.76, 1.06 −0.76, 1.06 −0.71, 0.95 −0.57, 0.95 −0.71, 0.45
 Mean d+ (95% CI) 0.15 (0.06, 0.25) 0.15 (−0.02, 0.33) 0.15 (0.05, 0.26) 0.26 (0.13, 0.39) −0.04 (−0.23, 0.15)
 Homogeneity I2 (95% CI) 91.77 (90.37, 92.96) 93.03 (90.82, 94.70) 91.22 (89.37, 92.75) 89.75 (86.88, 91.99) 86.32 (80.03, 90.63)

Note. Tabled are weighted mean effect sizes using random-effects assumptions to compare dominant and subordinate groups’ social dominance orientation levels (d+) and to generate weighted mean values on the social dominance orientation scale, which may range from 1 to 7. CI = Confidence interval. I2 = Homogeneity statistic based on the fixed-effects model due to its unstable estimate in the random-effects model; the hypothesis of homogeneity is rejected when the 95% CI does not include zero.

a

Non-racial groups included groups classified based in academic major, educational level, job type, language, and political party affiliation or identification.